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  • SPACE RADIATION  (10)
  • ASTRONOMY  (2)
  • Turbulence Model  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical predictions of flows over backward-facing steps (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 711-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite-Volume Method ; Numerical Diffusion ; Upstream Weighted Differencing ; Skew Upstream Differencing ; Turbulent Recirculating Flow ; Turbulence Model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Predictions are reported for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flows over rearward-facing steps for both laminar and turbulent conditions. The standard k-∊ turbulence model was used for the turbulent flow. Attention was focused on obtaining accurate solutions to the differential equations. It is concluded that some of the serious discrepancies that have occurred between prediction and observation, and attributed in earlier studies to the inadequacy of the turbulence model, may have been due to the inaccuracy of the solution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040802
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Possible evidence for structured acceleration of cosmic rays on a galactic scale from recent gamma-ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma-ray line flux as a function of longitude reveal a broad maximum in the region below 30 deg. These data, as unfolded here, imply that the low-energy (1-10 GeV) galactic cosmic-ray flux varies with the radial distance from the galactic center and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region for radial distances between 4 and 5 kpc. We further show that this enhancement can be plausibly accounted for by Fermi acceleration and compression caused by a hydrodynamic shock driven by the expanding gas in the 3-kpc arm and invoked in some versions of galactic structure theory.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 188; Mar. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Ultra-high energy gamma rays (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The production of ultrahigh energy gamma rays by proton interactions with relicit radiation, propagation of gamma rays through the universe, and proton cascading in the presence and absence of galactic magnetic fields is discussed. Detailed data are given on proton spectrum link, gamma ray intensity, and energy spectra of gamma rays on production.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma-Ray Astrophys.; p 315-327
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Galactic gamma rays: Models involving variable cosmic-ray density (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mathematical models were developed to determine variable cosmic ray flux around the galactic plane. Data indicate point sources, molecular hydrogen concentration, increased cosmic ray density toward the galactic center, and neutral pion production combine to cause radiation density variables in the galactic plane.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma-Ray Astrophys.; p 259-262
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  • 5
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    Ultrahigh Energy Gamma-rays (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: An analysis is made of the interactions of very high energy cosmic ray protons with the relict radiation in extragalactic space. Two situations are examined: gamma rays derived from neutral pions -mesons produced in collisions in a nonevolutionary situation and gamma rays from electron pairs produced at early epochs. It is shown that the ultrahigh energy gamma rays could conceivably be of high enough intensity to be detected. The flux of gamma rays from the second process is not far from the diffuse background that was reported.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Intern. Symp. and Workshop on Gamma-Ray Astrophysics; 19 p
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Cyg X-3: Not seen in high-energy gamma rays by COS-B (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: COS-B had Cyg X-3 within its field of view during 7 observation periods between 1975 and 1982 for in total approximately 300 days. In the skymaps (70 meV E 5000 meV) of the Cyg-X region produced for each of these observations and in the summed map, a broad complex structure is visible in the region 72 deg approximately less than 1 approximately less than 85 deg, approximately less than 5 deg. No resolved source structure is visible at the position of Cyg X-3, but a weak signal from Cyg X-3 could be hidden in the structured gamma-ray background. Therefore, the data has been searched for a 4.8 h timing signature, as well as for a source signal in the sky map in addition to the diffuse background structure as estimated from tracers of atomic and molecular gas.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.2-2 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 95-98; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 7
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    The final COS-B database: In-flight calibration of instrumental parameters (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method for the determination of temporal variation of sensitivity is designed to find a set of parameters which lead to maximum consistency between the intensities derived from different observation periods. This method is briefly described and the resulting sensitivity and background variations presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.3-9 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 387-390; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 8
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    Local electron spectrum above 100 MeV derived from gamma-ray emissivity spectra (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two new determinations of the local gamma-ray emmissivity spectrum are in good accord and were used to derive constraints on the local electron spectrum. The requirement for an electron intensity above 1 GeV larger than previously believed is confirmed and no low energy upturn is then needed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-3.1-7 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 333-335; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 9
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    Constraints on the galactic distribution of cosmic rays from the COS-B gamma-ray data (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The diffuse component of the galactic high energy gamma rays results mainly from the interaction of CR nuclei and electrons with the nuclei of the interstellar gas. An additional contribution is obtained from the interaction of CR electrons with the interstellar photons through the inverse-Compton (IC) process. Gamma ray astronomy therefore offers an excellent means to study the distribution of CR particles throughout the Galaxy, but it is essential to know the distribution of the target interstellar gas particles, the major constituents being atomic and molecular hydrogen. Large scale millimeter wave surveys of the CO molecule covering more than half of the Milky Way, obtained with the Columbia 1.2 m telescopes, are currently available and are used to trace the H2; the COS-B observations have sufficient resolution and sensitivity to constrain the relation between the integrated CO line intensity and the molecular hydrogen column density.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-3.1-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 329-332; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 10
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    Multicomponent analysis of total COS-B gamma-ray data at intermediate lattitudes (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The final COS-B database was used to study the gamma ray emission in the latitude range 10 deg /b/ 20 deg in terms of a four component model. The emissivity spectrum of the local interstellar medium is derived and compared with that found in previous studies. The intensity-Compton component is determined from the fitting procedure and is in good agreement with theoretical values.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-3.1-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 317-320; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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