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  • ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)  (3)
  • Analytik von Carbonsäurehydroxytryptamiden in Kaffee  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 242-250 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analytik von Carbonsäurehydroxytryptamiden in Kaffee ; Massenspektrometrie, Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die von Wurziger in den Wachsauflagerungen von Rohkaffee gefundenen Carbonsäure-5-hydroxytryptamide (CHT) dienen als Indicatorsubstanzen für eine erfolgte Behandlung der Rohbohnen, die zu einem sogenannten bekömmlichen, coffeinhaltigen Röstkaffee führt. Ihre Analytik wird erörtert und eine verbesserte Methode, anwendbar auf Roh- und Röstkaffee, vorgestellt. Die für die Aufstellung einer Eichkurve erforderlichen Substanzen wurden aus Kaffee gewonnen und die Eichgerade durch eine analoge Mischung synthetischer CHT-Homologen bestätigt. Die massenspektroskopischen Ergebnisse dieser CHT-Substanzen und ihrer Benzyläther werden diskutiert. Es zeigte sich, daß die Analysenwerte gegenüber der bisher üblichen Methode um ca. 40% bei sogenannten reizarm veredelten Kaffees niedriger liegen. Damit sinkt die bisher in der Praxis übliche Grenze für behandelte Kaffees von 400 auf 250 ppm CHT. Die aus Wiederhol- und Vergleichsanalysen ermittelten Werte der Fehlerstreuung werden angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The carboxylic acid 5-hydroxytryptamides found by Wurziger in the wax of the surface layer of green coffee beans are indicator compounds for detecting a treatment of the green beans, leading to an easily digestible coffee beverage with full caffeine content. The analytical methods are discussed and an improved method applicable to green and roasted coffee is presented. The standard compounds, necessary for calibration have been isolated from coffee wax and the calibration curve was confirmed with a mixture of some synthetic CHT-homologues. The mass spectrometric data of these CHT and their benzyl ethers are discussed. Contrarily to the usual methods the analytical results were reduced to about 40% when applied to treated coffee. Thus, the usual limit for processed coffees decreases from 400 to 250 ppm CHT. The errors of the analytical methods (repeatability and reproducibility) are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The options for recovering a returned manned Mars spacecraft are surveyed. Earth parking orbits from libration point to low circular are discussed, with a 500 km perigee, 24 hour period elliptical orbit chosen as a baseline for further calculation. Several techniques for recovering up to 100 metric tons of returned spacecraft are investigated, including recovery by a low Earth orbit (LEO) based orbit transfer vehicle (OTV) pushing the spacecraft to LEO, and OTV transporting and aerobrake to the spacecraft, and an OTV delivering propellant to the spacecraft. Methods utilizing OTVs results in less total mass in LEO, but may not be the minimum cost solutions if significant development and testing are required.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Mars Missions. Working Group Papers, Volume 1, Section 1-4; p 53-65
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A series of simulated manned Mars missions was analyzed by a computer model. Numerous mission opportunities and mission modes were investigated. Sensitivity trade studies were performed of the vehicle all-up mass and propulsion stage sizes as a function of various levels of conservatism in mission velocity increment margins, payload mass and propulsive stage characteristics. The longer duration but less energetic type of conjunction class mission is emphasized. The specific mission opportunity reviewed was for a 1997 departure. From the trade study results, a three and one-half stage vehicle concept evolved, utilizing a Trans-Mars Injection (TMI) first stage derived from the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET).
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Mars Missions. Working Group Papers, Volume 1, Section 1-4; p 292-305
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The requirements, issues, and design options are reviewed for manned Mars landers. Issues such as high 1/d versus low 1/d shape, parking orbit, and use of a small Mars orbit transfer vehicle to move the lander from orbit to orbit are addressed. Plots of lander mass as a function of Isp, destination orbit, and cargo up and down, plots of initial stack mass in low Earth orbit as a function of lander mass and parking orbit, detailed weight statements, and delta V tables for a variety of options are included. Lander options include a range from minimum landers up to a single stage reusable design. Mission options include conjunction and Venus flyby trajectories using all-cryogenic, hybrid, NERVA, and Mars orbit aerobraking propulsion concepts.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Mars Missions. Working Group Papers, Volume 1, Section 1-4; p 239-251
    Format: application/pdf
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