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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 793-797 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: electron microscopy ; polyethylene ; morphology ; orientation ; small-angle X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cold-drawn, rolled and annealed high-density polyethylene was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of stained sections. From the electron micrographs, a model of the structure was developed and the scattering pattern calculated. This was then compared with the corresponding small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern, in order both to aid in the interpretation of SAXS patterns of oriented polymers, and to assess the effects of staining with chlorosulphonic acid on the morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 252-259 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; polyethylene ; microfibrillar structure ; lamellar structure ; drawing mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mikrofibrillare und lamellare Morphologie in kaltverstreckten bzw. kaltverstreckten und anschließend getemperten HD-Polyäthylenplatten wurden mittels Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Kontrastunterschiede an Bruchoberflächen im Falle kaltverstreckten Polyäthylens werden interpretiert durch eine, vom Verstreckmechanismus bedingte, bevorzugte Orientierung der inter-mikrofibrillaren tie-Moleküle in der Plattenebene. An kaltverstreckten/getemperten Platten wurden Lamellenstapel beobachtet, die eine Zwillingsorientierung von geneigten Lamellen aufwiesen. Diese ‚dachförmige’ Struktur wird erzeugt durch eine Scherung innerhalb der Mikrofibrillen während der Mikro-Halsbildung und deutet das bekannte 4-Punkt-Röntgen-Kleiriwinkelbeugungsdiagramm. Zur Auflösung der einzelnen, lamellaren Textur wurde eine leichte Ätzung mit rauchender Salpetersäure benötigt.
    Notes: Summary The microfibrillar and lamellar morphologies in cold-drawn and cold-drawn/annealed high-density polyethylene sheets were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Differences in contrast on fracture surfaces for cold-drawn sheet are interpreted in terms of a preferential orientation of inter-microfibrillar tie molecules in the plane of the sheet brought about by the drawing mechanism. In annealed, cold-drawn sheet, stacks of lamellae were observed which showed twinned orientations of inclined lamellae. This “roof-top” structure is interpreted in terms of shear within the individual microfibrils during micronecking, and corresponds to the well-known 4-point small-angle X-ray pattern for this type of specimen. Light etching with fuming nitric acid was necessary in order to resolve the individual lamellar texture.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The association between tall precipitation and tropical cyclone intensification may have implications for the difficult task of forecasting the destructive potential of these storms. We propose a novel way to use radar-observed rain height to help predict tropical cyclone intensity. Then, we adapt this technique for use on the much more plentiful data from infrared and microwave instruments.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Far from continents, a few storms lift precipitation-size ice particles into the stratosphere, 17 to 18 km above the tropical ocean. This study is the first to examine the observed properties of a large sample of these extremely tall convective storm cells. The central questions in this study are whether the unusually tall ocean cells have the slow updrafts known to be typical of oceanic convection, and if so, how can these tall cells reach such extreme heights. The precipitation radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed 174 extremely tall oceanic cells from 1998 to 2007. Relative updraft intensity is inferred from 17-km-tall oceanic cells having, on average, a 7-km lower 40-dBZ radar reflectivity height and an order of magnitude less lightning than do equally tall cells over the Sahel region of Africa, a region known for vigorous convective updrafts. Despite some ambiguity, the potential temperature and lapse rate of the NCEP reanalysis suggest that the environment in which these oceanic cells form is conducive to modest updrafts reaching extreme heights. Extrapolating based on the limited coverage of the TRMM satellite radar, it is likely that such extremely tall cells occur more often than once each day somewhere over the tropical ocean.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC.JA.4550.2011 , Monthly Weather Review; 138; 5; 1651-1672
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A conical-flow compressor stage with a large radius change through the rotor was tested at three values of rotor tip clearance. The stage had a tandem rotor and a tandem stator. Peak efficiency at design speed was 0.774 at a pressure ratio of 2.613. The rotor was tested without the stator, and detailed survey data were obtained for each rotor blade row. Overall peak rotor efficiency was 0.871 at a pressure ratio of 2.952.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TP-2034 , E-369 , NAS 1.60:2034 , AVRADCOM-TR-81-C-5
    Format: application/pdf
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