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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 2027-2032 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Nickel(0) ; Oxidation ; Phenols ; Structure ; Ion pairs ; Hydrogen bonds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Admission of molecular oxygen to a solution containing Ni(PMe3)4 and substituted phenols (ArOH) affords bisphenolatonickel compounds trans-Ni(OAr)2(PMe3)2 [ArOH = 2-chlorophenol (1), 2-bromophenol (2), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (3)]. In the absence of dioxygen the phenols reversibly protonate the nickel complex to form ionic compounds [NiH(PMe3)4]+ Y- containing hydrogen-bonded anions Y = [H2(2-Cl-C6H4O)3] (4), [H(2-OH-C6H4COO)2] (5). As a side-reaction, formal insertion of nickel to give 2-hydroxyphenylnickel compounds Ni(Ar′)X(PMe3)3 [Ar′ = 2-OH-C6H4; × = Br (6), I (7)], trans-Ni(Ar′)Cl(PMe3)2 [Ar′ = 2-OH-3,5-Cl2-C6H2 (8)] and trans-Ni(OAr)Cl(PMe3)2 [Ar = 2,4,6-Cl3-C6H2 (9)] is observed. An X-ray crystal structure determination of 1 shows a trans square planar arrangement of donor atoms, that of 6shows a distorted square pyramid, while 4 contains tetrahedral nickel cations with a delocalized hydrogen atom and triphenolate anions H2(ArO)3-.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Nickel ; Oxidation ; Phenols ; Structure ; Dynamic NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of substituted phenols and dioxygen with Ni(PMe3)4 yields the low-spin tetracoordinate diphenolatonickel compounds Ni(OAr)2(PMe3)2 [ArOH = 2-tert-butylphenol (1), 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (2), 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol (3), 2,4-di(tert-butyl)phenol (4), 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxophenol (5), 2-chloro-4-tert-butylphenol (6), 2-isopropylphenol (7), 3-tert-butylphenol (8)]. As is revealed by variable temperature 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy the complexes constitute a mixture of two isomers, each of which can be observed separately at lower temperatures when interconversion is slower. An additional 6-carbaldehyde function transforms the phenolate into a chelating ligand, giving rise to a high-spin hexacoordinate compound Ni(OAr)2(PMe3)2 (9). X-ray crystal-structure determinations of 2 and 3 show a trans square-planar structure, and that of 9 shows a trans octahedral arrangement of donor atoms P2O4. Bulky substituents in the 3- or 4-position, or non-demanding substituents in the 2-position, are less effective in stabilizing molecular diphenolatonickel complexes.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Substantial changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean in the last decades. Not only sea ice has retreated significantly, but also the ocean at middepth showed a warming tendency. By using simulations we identified a mechanism that intensifies the upward trend in ocean heat supply to the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait. The reduction in sea ice export through Fram Strait induced by Arctic sea ice decline increases the salinity in the Greenland Sea, which lowers the sea surface height and strengthens the cyclonic gyre circulation in the Nordic Seas. The Atlantic Water volume transport to the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean is consequently strengthened. This enhances the warming trend of the Arctic Atlantic Water layer, potentially contributing to the Arctic “Atlantification.” Our study suggests that the Nordic Seas can play the role of a switchyard to influence the heat budget of the Arctic Ocean.
    Keywords: 551.46 ; Arctic Ocean ; Atlantic Water ; sea ice decline ; Nordic Seas ; Greenland Sea ; Atlantification
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-10-12
    Description: Simulating Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies in ocean circulation models presents a great challenge because of their small size. This study employs an unstructured-mesh ocean-sea ice model to conduct a decadal-scale global simulation with a 1-km Arctic. It provides a basinwide overview of Arctic eddy energetics. Increasing model resolution from 4 to 1 km increases Arctic eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and total kinetic energy (TKE) by about 40% and 15%, respectively. EKE is the highest along main currents over topography slopes, where strong conversion from available potential energy to EKE takes place. It is high in halocline with a maximum typically centered in the depth range of 70–110 m, and in the Atlantic Water layer of the Eurasian Basin as well. The seasonal variability of EKE along the continental slopes of southern Canada and eastern Eurasian basins is similar, stronger in fall and weaker in spring.
    Keywords: 551.46 ; Arctic Ocean ; mesoscale eddies ; eddy kinetic energy ; baroclinic instability
    Language: English
    Type: map
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