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  • 1
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    Multidisciplinary study of the Tindari Fault (Sicily, Italy) separating ongoing contractional and extensional compartments along the active Africa–Eurasia convergent boundary (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The Africa–Eurasia convergence in Sicily and southern Calabria is currently expressed by two different tectonic and geodynamic domains: thewestern region, governed by a roughlyN–S compression generated by a continental collision; the eastern one, controlled by a NW–SE extension related to the south-east-directed expansion of the Calabro–Peloritan Arc. The different deformation pattern of these two domains is accommodated by a right-lateral shear zone (Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni fault system) which, from the Ionian Sea, north of Mt. Etna, extends across the Peloritani chain to the Aeolian Islands. In this work, we study the evidence of active tectonics characterizing this shear zone, through the analysis of seismic and geodetic data acquired by the INGV networks in the last 15 years. The study is completed by structural and morphological surveys carried out between Capo Tindari and the watershed of the chain. The results allowed defining a clear structural picture depicting the tectonic interferences between the two different geodynamic domains. The results indicate that, besides the regional ~N130°E horizontal extensional stress field, another one, NE–SW-oriented, is active in the investigated area. Both tension axes are mutually independent and have been active up to the present at different times. The coexistence of these different active horizontal extensions is the result of complex interactions between several induced stresses: 1) the regional extension (NW–SE) related to the slab rollback and back-arc extension; 2) the strong uplift of the chain; 3) the accommodation between compressional and extensional tectonic regimes along the Aeolian– Tindari–Letojanni faults, through a SSE–NNW right-lateral transtensional displacement. In these conditions, the greater and recurring uplift activity is not able to induce a radial extensional dynamics, but, under the “directing” action of the shear system, it can only act on the regional extension (NW–SE) and produce the second system of extension (NE–SW).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Africa–Eurasia convergence ; Aeolian–Tindari fault system ; Transform activity ; Stress and strain fields ; Multidisciplinary approach ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Mt. Etna 2001 eruption: New insights into the magmatic feeding system and the mechanical response of the western flank from a detailed geodetic dataset (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-14
    Description: In the last decades, the increasing availability of comprehensive geodetic datasets has allowed for more detailed constraints on subsurface magma storage and conduits at several active volcanoes worldwide. Here, by using a large dataset of geodetic measurements collected between early January 2001 and August 2001, we identified at least six different deformation stages that allow us to quantify the surface deformation patterns before, during and after the 2001 Mt. Etna volcanic eruption. Our results are largely in agreement with previous works (e.g. the presence of a deep inflating source and a shallow dike located beneath the north-western and upper southern flanks of the volcano, respectively). However, we provide (1) finer resolution of the temporal activity of these magmatic sources, leading to (2) new evidence related to the evolution of the magmatic system and the mechanical response of the western flank, in particular during the pre-eruptive phase. Results and analysis show a clear change in the ground deformation pattern of the volcano in response to the 20–24 April 2001 seismic swarm that occurred beneath the western flank, evolving from a volcano-wide inflation to a slight deflation of the summit area. We suggest that the source responsible for the volcano-wide inflation, beginning in the fall of 2000, experienced a drastic reduction in the inflation rate in response to this seismic swarm. Moreover, we provide evidence for the presence of a new inflating source located beneath the upper southern flank at a depth of ~ 7.0 km bsl that triggered both the occurrence of the 20–24 April 2001 seismic swarm and led to the rapid ascent of magma upward to the surface after 12 July (the Lower Vents system was fed by fresh magma rising from this source). The presence of this inflating source is inferred by (1) seismological and volcanological observations coming from the 2001 eruption and (2) seismological constraints coming from a previous similar episode that occurred at Etna during the 1993–1998 period. Furthermore, both shallow deflations observed after the 20–24 April 2001 seismic swarm and during the first day of the eruption also could be due to the deflation of two adjacent portions of the same shallow (~ 2 km bsl) reservoir. Such reservoirs would feed the activity that occurred at the South-East Crater after January 2001 and the activity of the Upper Vents system during the July–August eruption, in agreement with petrochemical observations. Through an updated revision of the available data, we shed some light on the relevance of pre-eruptive activity patterns, an important element for an effective volcano monitoring.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108-121
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt. Etna eruption ; GPS ; InSAR ; Modelling ; Atmospheric correction ; Coulomb stress changes ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    New evidence for Late Quaternary deformation of the substratum of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy): clues indicate active crustal doming (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Stratigraphic and morphostructural analyses have been carried out in the Mt. Etna volcanic region (eastern Sicily) to investigate in detail the deformation events that have affected the sedimentary successions forming the substratum of the volcano. In the foredeep, Quaternary submarine sedimentation ended 600 ka ago when the whole area emerged in response to homogeneous regional uplift. The irregular distribution of a stratigraphic marker, recognized through the analysis of more than 250 borehole logs, suggests that local dynamics also affected the area. We identify both compressional tectonic dynamics and volcano-related tectonic activity, and discriminate among their associated deformations. In particular, we quantify the vertical deformation component of the compressional structures (thrusts and related folds) and recognize for the first time a vertical component of deformation whose pattern clearly indicates a doming process acting at Mt. Etna. The comparison between long-term and short-term rates suggests that the doming has acted consistently over space and time through the last 600 ka and provides clues to the source of uplift. This component, defined by a specific Quaternary sedimentary horizon, has been compared with vertical deformation obtained by analytical inversion of morphological substratum data, and localizes the source at a depth of ∼16 km, at the mantle-crust transition. This uplift may be the consequence of hydration occurring in the altered ocean-like crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 816
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Crustal structure ; Volcanotectonics ; Doming process ; Recent deformation ; Sicily ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Monitoraggio geodetico delle deformazioni del suolo in area sismogenetica: la rete GPS dello Stretto di Messina (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il terremoto del 1908 che ha distrutto le città di Reggio Calabria e Messina costituisce il primo esempio in cui, attraverso l’utilizzo di dati geodetici, è stato possibile ricostruire il campo di deformazione verticale collegato al catastrofico evento. In questo lavoro vengono riassunti i principali risultati della ricerca incentrata sulla caratterizzazione cinematica dell’area dello Stretto di Messina e vengono presentati i primi risultati della rete misurata con modalità GPS nel corso del 2001 e del 2003 nella stessa area. Questi risultati confermano l’importanza dell’approfondimento delle attività di monitoraggio geodetico tra il complesso peloritano calabro e quello siciliano, anche allo scopo di chiarire le numerose ambiguità riscontrate, in questi anni, nella definizione delle strutture che hanno originato il terremoto del 1908.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-18
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Imaging the multi‐level magma reservoir at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The continuous GPS network operating on Mt. Etna with its 36 stations is currently one of the largest worldwide. The aim of this network is the evaluation of volcanic hazard and the modelling of the active sources. In this paper, we propose an in‐depth analysis and modelling of continuous GPS data collected at Mt. Etna from May 2008 to December 2010. The analyzed period has been divided into four different coherent phases: 1) 14 May 2008–02 August 2008 (deflation of the entire GPS network); 2) 02 August 2008–14 June 2009 (deflation of the summit area and inflation at lower heights); 3) 14 June 2009–21 May 2010 (inflation of the entire GPS network); 4) 21 May 2010–31 December 2010 (inflation at medium and low heights and end of the inflation in the summit area). Analytical models indicate a non-uniform deformation style revealing spaced sources acting at different time on different segments of a multi-level magma reservoir. The Etnean plumbing system imaged here is depicted as an elongated magma reservoir that extends from the volcano body downwards to about 6.5 km below sea level (b.s.l.), sloping slightly towards the North-West, with storage volumes located at about 6.5, 2.0 and 0.0 km (b.s.l.). The changes in position of the modelled pressure sources during the analyzed time intervals indicate that, throughout the 2008 eruptive period, the deformation field was mostly driven by the upward migration of magma. On the other hand, the pattern of deformation recorded after the end of the eruption strongly suggests a significant contribution of the magma overpressure generated by the gas boiling, thus outlining the importance of volatiles content in magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: L16306
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: etna magma reservoir ; ground deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Foreland segmentation along an active convergent margin: New constraints in southeastern Sicily (Italy) from seismic and geodetic observations (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We performed an in-depth analysis of the ongoing tectonics of a large sector of southern Sicily, including the Hyblean Foreland and the front of the Maghrebian Chain, as well as the Ionian Sea offshore, through the integration of seismic and GPS observations collected in the nearly two decades. In particular, a dataset consisting of more than 1100 small-to moderate-magnitude earthquakes (1.0 ≤ ML ≤ 4.6) has been used for local earthquake tomography in order to trace the characteristics of the faulting systems, and for focal mechanisms computation to resolve the current local stress field and to characterise the faulting regime of the investigated area. In addition, GPS measurements, carried out on both episodic and continuous stations, allowed us to infer the main features of the current crustal deformation pattern. Main results evidence that the Hyblean Plateau is subject to a general strike–slip faulting regime, with a maximum horizontal stress axis NW–SE to NNW–SSE oriented, in agreement with the Eurasia–Nubia direction of convergence. The Plateau is separated into two different tectonic crustal blocks by the left-lateral strike–slip Scicli–Ragusa Fault System. The western block moves in agreement with central Sicily while the eastern one accommodates part of the contraction arising from the main Eurasia–Nubia convergence. Furthermore, we provided evidences leading to consider the Hyblean–Maltese Escarpment Fault System as an active boundary characterised by a left-lateral strike–slip motion, separating the eastern block of the Plateau from the Ionian basin. All these evidences lend credit to a crustal segmentation of the southeastern Sicily.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-149
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Southeastern Sicily ; Seismotectonics ; Tomography ; Focal mechanisms ; Crustal stress ; Geodetic strain rate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Active upper crust deformation pattern along the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone (NE Sicily): Insights from a multidisciplinary approach (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Using a multidisciplinary dataset based on gravimetric, seismic, geodetic and geological observations,we provide an improved picture of the shallow structure and dynamics of the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone.With a local earthquake tomographywe clearly identify twomain crustal domains in the upper 15 kmcharacterized by different P-wave velocity values: a high-velocity domain comprising southeasternmost Tyrrhenian Sea, NE Sicily and Messina Straits, and a low-velocity domain comprising Mt. Etna and eastern Sicily. The transition between the two domains shows a good spatial correspondence with a wider set of faults including the Taormina Fault System (TFS) and the Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni Fault System (ATLFS), two nearly SE-striking fault systems crossing northeastern Sicily and ending on the Ionian shoreline of Sicily according to many investigators. Within this set of faults, most of the deformation/seismicity occurs along the northern and central segments of ATLFS, compared to lowactivity along TFS. A lack of seismicity (both recent and historical) is observed in the southern sector of ATLFS where, however, geodetic data reveal significant deformation. Ourmultidisciplinary dataset including offshore observations suggests the southeastward continuation of the ATLFS into the Ionian Sea until joiningwith the faults cutting the Ionian accretionarywedge described in the recent literature. Our findings imply the existence of a highly segmented crustal shear zone extending from the Aeolian Islands to the Ionian Abyssal plain, that we believe plays the role of accommodating differential motion between the Southern Tyrrhenian unit and the western compressional domain of Sicily. The ATLFS, which is a main part of the inferred shear zone, behaves similarly to what often observed at the edges of retreating subduction
    Description: Published
    Description: 205-218
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: subduction edge ; seismic velocity structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    GPS ground deformation patterns at Mount St. Helens (Washington, USA) from 2004 to 2010 (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: GPS measurements on Mount St. Helens spanning the 2004.00-2010.85 time interval, encompassing the 2004-2008 dome-building eruption, were analyzed. First, a local reference frame was derived in order to isolate the volcanic ground deformation from the background tectonic pattern related to the interactions between the Pacific, Juan de Fuca and North American plates. Secondly, the resulting ground deformation patterns were modelled to constrain magmatic sources. Results suggest a vertically elongated magma chamber centred at 8 - 9 km depth beneath the summit area that deflated during the beginning of the dome growth and inflated since January 2008, evidencing that a primary magma reservoir was active both during and after the eruption in a magmatic system persistent over the time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 148-155
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mount St. Helens ; Ground deformation modelling ; local reference frame ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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