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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems  (4)
  • 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk  (3)
  • 1
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    Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-05
    Description: In summer 2013 a toxic and polluting gas blowout (19 tonnes day−1 CO2, 95 kg day−1 CH4) occurred from two shallow boreholes drilled at only 50 m from the International Airport of Rome (Italy), in the town of Fiumicino. Another gas blowout occurred in the same period from a borehole located offshore, 2 km away, also generating sea-water acidification; it lasted only a couple of days. Onshore, CO2was also diffusing fromholes within the soil, particularly toward the airport, generating a soil flux up to 1.8 tonnes day−1. In 3.5 months ~1500 tonnes of CO2 and 5.4 tonnes of CH4 were emitted in the atmosphere. Temporal monitoring of gas geochemistry indicates that in this area a mixing occurs between shallow and pressurized gas pockets, CO2-dominated, but with different chemical (i.e., He/CH4 ratio) and isotopic (3He/4He, δ13C-δDCH4) characteristics. Numerical simulation of CO2 dispersion in the atmosphere showed that dangerous air CO2 concentrations, up to lethal values, were only found near the vents at a height of 0.2 m. Fiumicino is a high blowout risk area, as CO2 rising through deep reaching faults pressurizes the shallowaquifer contained in gravels confined underneath shales of the Tiber delta deposits. The Fiumicino blowout is a typical example of dangerous phenomenon that may occur in urban context lying nearby active or recent volcanoes and requires quick response on hazard assessment by scientists to be addressed to civil protection and administrators.
    Description: Published
    Description: 54-65
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Endogenous gas blowout from shallow wells ; Chemical and isotopic composition of gas and water ; Viscous flux and diffuse soil gas flux measurements ; Simulation andmonitoring of air CO2 dispersion ; Hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The Albano Maar Lake high resolution bathymetry and dissolved CO2 budget (Colli Albani volcano, Italy): Constrains to hazard evaluation (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Albano Lake is the deepest volcanic lake in Italy (−167 m) and fills the youngest maar of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano. The lake has undergone significant level changes and lahar generating overflows occurred about 5800 yrs B.P. and likely in 398 b.C., when Romans excavated a tunnel drain through the maar wall. Hazardous lake rollovers and CO2 release are still possible because the Albano volcano shows active ground deformation, gas emission and periodic seismic swarms. On November 2005, the first high resolution bathymetric survey of the Albano Lake was performed. Here we present the results provided by a Digital Elevation Model and 2-D and 3-D images of the crater lake floor, which is made by coalescent and partly overlapping craters and wide flat surfaces separated by some evident scarps. Submerged shorelines are identified at depths between −20 m and −41 m and indicate the occurrence of significant lake level changes, likely between 7.1 and 4.1 ka. The current lake volume is ~447.5×106 m3 and the total quantity of dissolved CO2 is 6850 t estimated by chemical analyses of samples collected on May 2006. A decrease of nearly one order of magnitude of the CO2 dissolved in the lake water below −120 m, observed from December 1997 to May 2006 (from 4190 to 465 t respectively), has been attributed to lake water overturn. The observed oscillations of the dissolved CO2 concentrations justify the efforts of monitoring the chemical and physical characteristics of the lake. At present the quantity of dissolved CO2 is very far from saturation and Nyostype events cannot presently occur.
    Description: DPC-INGV Project V3_1
    Description: Published
    Description: 258–268
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Albano maar ; lake bathymetry ; geochemistry ; crater lake hazard ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Health Hazard From Endogenous Gas Emissions In Alban Hills (Rome, Italy) (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The quiescent volcano of Alban Hills, near Rome, is characterized by strong emission of endogenous gas (mostly CO2 with minor H2S) from zones where excavation removed the superficial impervious cover. These gases –denser than air- accumulate in morphological depressions and many lethal accidents to animals and also to one person have occurred in the last years. At Cava dei Selci and Solforata sites, the CO2 flux has been estimated to 95 and 200 tons/day respectively from 0,6 and 5 hectares. Dangerous accidental gas blowouts also occurred from boreholes that reached gas pressurized shallow aquifers. In order to evaluate the gas hazard, several geochemical surveys were performed to estimate the CO2 and H2S soil flux and air concentration. In the urbanized area of Vigna Fiorita, dangerous indoor conditions were found with [CO2] up to 10 % and [H2S] up to 30 ppm and lethal indoor [CO2] (up to 22%) persisted within a non-ventilated house. Results will help in suggesting appropriate prevention measures to be adopted by residents. An important discovery was found measuring CO2 and H2S air concentration (by TDL at 30 cm from the ground). In periods of very low or no wind (generally in night-time) lethal concentrations were reached by H2S (up to 400 ppm), whereas [CO2] remained at tolerable values. These data indicate that the many animal deaths occurred in these years and previously attributed to CO2 where instead caused by H2S and a specific study on the health effects of this gas on man and on different animal species is presently under progress. Alban Hills test site provides useful methodological indications on how to assess the insidious hazard associated to soil gas release in inhabited zones of quiescent or recent volcanoes.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Shimabara, Giappone
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Gas hazard, CO2 and H2S toxicity, Alban Hills volcano ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 4
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    Gas blowout from shallow boreholes at Fiumicino (Rome): induced hazard and evidence of deep CO2 degassing on the Tyrrhenian margin of Central Italy (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A borehole drilled at Fiumicino (Rome) down to only 27 m depth in a zone where no gas emission at the surface was known, caused a gas blowout from a pressurized gas pocket confined beneath a clay cover. Gas slowly diffused from the borehole within superficial permeable sand. Seven persons living in three ground floor flats of a near building had to be hospitalized due to CO2 exposure. All the houses in the proximity were evacuated. At the request of the Fire Brigade two additional boreholes were drilled nearby, hoping that this could rapidly exhaust the gas stored underground. To the contrary the soil gas flux near houses increased and indoor CO2 air concentration rapidly rose to lethal values (15 to 30 vol.%). As a remediation we suggested to restore the continuity of the impervious gas cover by squeezing quick-setting cement into the formation through new boreholes to be drilled near the existing ones. Although the first cement squeeze reduced drastically the CO2 soil flux and indoor concentration, six additional squeezes had to be carried out in order to lower the gas emission below the gas hazard threshold. The gas was mostly made of CO2 (98 vol.%) with minor N2 and CH4. Its chemical and isotopic composition (δ13CCO2=− 1.55; 3He/4He=0.314 Ra) is similar to that of the gas manifestations of Mts. Sabatini and Alban Hills volcanic areas. Though being somewhat contaminated by crustal and shalloworganic volatiles, these gases likely have a component originated in the mantle, that beneath the volcanic Roman Comagmatic Province is probably deeply contaminated with crustal material. The Fiumicino gas blowout indicates that the area of Central Italy characterized by strong CO2 degassing extends westerly to include the Tyrrhenian coast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 17-31
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: gas blowout ; CO2 hazard ; gas monitoring ; remediation interventions ; Earth CO2 degassing in Central Italy ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Questo caldo, caldo, caldo mondo (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La mostra consente fin dal suo inizio di “entrare” nel mondo degli spettacolari fenomeni geotermici. Immagini di geyser, pozze di fango ribollente, fumarole, acque termali dai colori più improbabili, incrostazioni multicolori e affascinanti cristalli, provenienti da varie parti del mondo accompagneranno i visitatori alla scoperta delle caratteristiche naturalistiche del fenomeno. Ad arricchire l'esposizione iniziale curata da Vulcano Esplorazioni, un video con immagini raccolte in varie parti del pianeta, eccezionali campioni di minerali di origine idrotermale provenienti dal Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano e diorami esplicativi, in scala e ridotti. Ricostruzioni, schemi ed exhibit facilitano la comprensione del meccanismo fisico che scatena questi fenomeni. La parte scientifica, curata in particolare dall’INGV, ripercorre anche le esperienze pionieristiche di Larderello, ricostruendo il primo esperimento del 1904 di produzione di energia elettrica da vapore geotermico. Il percorso museale illustra anche il grande potenziale energetico presente soprattutto in Italia, il paese più caldo d'Europa, offerto dal calore della Terra, un’energia rinnovabile e pulita. L'esibizione termina con uno spettacolare filmato in 3D.
    Description: Festival della Scienza, CLIVET,
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Palazzo Ducale, Loggia degli Abati P.zza Matteotti, 9 - Genova
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geotermia, potenziale geotermico Italia ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    Carbon Dioxide Diffuse Soil Degassing: A Precious Tool For Identifying Productive Geothermal Reservoirs (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: that deep wells find high temperatures but are not productive because they don’t cross any permeable fractured reservoir. Because of the high cost of deep drillings, this aspect represents one of the main economic risk of geothermal exploration. The aim of this paper is to show that a detailed survey of diffuse CO2 soil flux allows to identify from the surface the permeable portions of a deep-seated actively degassing geothermal reservoir, drastically reducing that risk. The first application of the method has been made in the Quaternary Latera caldera, North of Rome. We will show that productive wells were all located on high CO2 flux zones, whereas the not-productive wells were sited on low flux areas. In addition the survey allows to identify some as yet unexplored portions of the geothermal reservoir where future wells should be conveniently located. The same technique has been applied in the geothermal exploration of Platanares and Azacualpa, Honduras and of Las Pailas, Costa Rica. Obviously, CO2 flux cannot provide any estimate of temperature at depth, which has to be assessed with other geochemical or geophysical exploration techniques.
    Description: Comission of Cities and Volcanoes (CaV) of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), Gobierno de España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Gobierno de España Unidad Militar de Emergencias (UME), Ministerio de Defensa, Gobierno de España Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI), Gobierno de Canarias Viceconsejería de Infraestructuras y Planificación, Gobierno de Canarias Consejería de Turismo, Gobierno de Canarias Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias Viceconsejería de Cultura y Deportes, Gobierno de Canarias Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME)Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN)Academia Canaria de Seguridad Federación Canaria de Municipios (FECAM) Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias (IEHC) CajaCanarias
    Description: Published
    Description: Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: open
    Keywords: geothermal exploration, CO2 soil flux ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 7
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    Hazardous gas blowouts from shallow wells in the Colli Albani (2011)
    Taylor & Francis Group, London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Colli Albani volcanic area is affected by huge degassing of likely magmatic or mantle origin, as suggested by the gas He isotopic composition. Gas rising from a buried calcareous aquifer generates several surface emissions and accumulates also in permeable layers at various depths, from 10 to 350 m, beneath impervious formations. When reached by wells, these pressurized gas pockets cause hazardous blowouts of CO2 and H2S, often in inhabited zone. Remedy requires the restoration of the drilled cap by cement injections, whose effectiveness can be conveniently assessed by monitoring both CO2 soil diffuse flux and CO2 and H2S air concentration.
    Description: Published
    Description: 913-916
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Colli Albani, blowouts, CO2 and H2S monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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