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  • 1
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    Robust assessment of the expansion and retreat of Mediterranean climate in the 21st century (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The warm-temperate regions of the globe characterized by dry summers and wet winters (Mediterranean climate; MED) are especially vulnerable to climate change. The potential impact on water resources,ecosystems and human livelihood requires a detailed picture of the future changes in this unique climate zone. Here we apply a probabilistic approach to quantitatively address how and why the geographic distribution of MED will change based on the latest-available climate projections for the 21st century. Our analysis provides, for the first time, a robust assessment of significant northward and eastward future expansions of MED over both the Euro-Mediterranean and western North America. Concurrently, we show a significant 21st century replacement of the equatorward MED margins by the arid climate type.Moreover, future winters will become wetter and summers drier in both the old and newly established MED zones. Should these projections be realized, living conditions in some of the most densely populated regions in the world will be seriously jeopardized.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7211
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CMIP5 projections ; Mediterranean climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Prediction of Indian summer monsoon onset using dynamical sub-seasonal forecasts: effects of realistic initialization of the atmosphere (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-09
    Description: Ensembles of retrospective 2-month dynamical forecasts initiated on 1May are used to predict the onset of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) for the period 1989–2005. The subseasonal predictions (SSPs) are based on a coupled general circulation model and recently they have been upgraded by the realistic initialization of the atmosphere with initial conditions taken from reanalysis. Two objective large-scale methods based on dynamical circulation and hydrological indices are applied to detect the ISM onset. The SSPs show some skill in forecasting earlier-than-normal ISM onsets, while they have difficulty in predicting late onsets. It is shown that significant contribution to the skill in forecasting early ISM onsets comes from the newly developed initialization of the atmosphere from reanalysis. On one hand, atmospheric initialization produces a better representation of the atmospheric mean state in the initial conditions, leading to a systematically improved monsoon onset sequence. On the other hand, the initialization of the atmosphere allows some skill in forecasting the northward propagating intraseasonal wind and precipitation anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean. The northward propagating intraseasonal modes trigger the monsoon in some early-onset years. The realistic phase initialization of these modes improves the forecasts of the associated earlier-than-normal monsoon onsets. The prediction of late onsets is not noticeably improved by the initialization of the atmosphere. It is suggested that late onsets of the monsoon are too far away from the start date of the forecasts to conserve enough memory of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) anomalies and of the improved representation of the mean state in the initial conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 778-793
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: indian summer monsoon ; onset ; seasonal predictions ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoconductivity in a photocrosslinkable second-order nonlinear optical polymer (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 72.40 ; 78.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoconductivity measurements on a stable photocrosslinkable nonlinear optical polymer — PVCN (polyvinylcinnamate)/CNNB-R (3-cinnamoyloxy-4-[4-N,N-diethylamino)-2-cinnamoyloxy phenylazo] nitrobenzene) are reported. Photoconductivity in this polymer system, in both crosslinked and uncrosslinked states, was observed without introducing any sensitizer or carrier-transport agents. Absorption of CNNB-R (λpeak=518 nm) results in photocarrier generation and it is conjectured that CNNB-R also plays a role in the carrier transport. Such polymers are candidate materials for photorefraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331814
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