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  • 1
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    Comparative genome and proteome analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Comparison of the genomes and proteomes of the two diptera Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster, which diverged about 250 million years ago, reveals considerable similarities. However, numerous differences are also observed; some of these must reflect the selection and subsequent adaptation associated with different ecologies and life strategies. Almost half of the genes in both genomes are interpreted as orthologs and show an average sequence identity of about 56%, which is slightly lower than that observed between the orthologs of the pufferfish and human (diverged about 450 million years ago). This indicates that these two insects diverged considerably faster than vertebrates. Aligned sequences reveal that orthologous genes have retained only half of their intron/exon structure, indicating that intron gains or losses have occurred at a rate of about one per gene per 125 million years. Chromosomal arms exhibit significant remnants of homology between the two species, although only 34% of the genes colocalize in small "microsyntenic" clusters, and major interarm transfers as well as intra-arm shuffling of gene order are detected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- von Mering, Christian -- Letunic, Ivica -- Torrents, David -- Suyama, Mikita -- Copley, Richard R -- Christophides, George K -- Thomasova, Dana -- Holt, Robert A -- Subramanian, G Mani -- Mueller, Hans-Michael -- Dimopoulos, George -- Law, John H -- Wells, Michael A -- Birney, Ewan -- Charlab, Rosane -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Kokoza, Elena -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Lewis, Suzanna -- Louis, Christos -- Barillas-Mury, Carolina -- Nusskern, Deborah -- Rubin, Gerald M -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Sutton, Granger G -- Topalis, Pantelis -- Wides, Ron -- Wincker, Patrick -- Yandell, Mark -- Collins, Frank H -- Ribeiro, Jose -- Gelbart, William M -- Kafatos, Fotis C -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):149-59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Exons ; Gene Order ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Introns ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Proteome ; Pseudogenes ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Robert A -- Subramanian, G Mani -- Halpern, Aaron -- Sutton, Granger G -- Charlab, Rosane -- Nusskern, Deborah R -- Wincker, Patrick -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ribeiro, Jose M C -- Wides, Ron -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Loftus, Brendan -- Yandell, Mark -- Majoros, William H -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Abril, Josep F -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter W -- Baden, Holly -- de Berardinis, Veronique -- Baldwin, Danita -- Benes, Vladimir -- Biedler, Jim -- Blass, Claudia -- Bolanos, Randall -- Boscus, Didier -- Barnstead, Mary -- Cai, Shuang -- Center, Angela -- Chaturverdi, Kabir -- Christophides, George K -- Chrystal, Mathew A -- Clamp, Michele -- Cravchik, Anibal -- Curwen, Val -- Dana, Ali -- Delcher, Art -- Dew, Ian -- Evans, Cheryl A -- Flanigan, Michael -- Grundschober-Freimoser, Anne -- Friedli, Lisa -- Gu, Zhiping -- Guan, Ping -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hillenmeyer, Maureen E -- Hladun, Susanne L -- Hogan, James R -- Hong, Young S -- Hoover, Jeffrey -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Ke, Zhaoxi -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Kokoza, Elena -- Koutsos, Anastasios -- Letunic, Ivica -- Levitsky, Alex -- Liang, Yong -- Lin, Jhy-Jhu -- Lobo, Neil F -- Lopez, John R -- Malek, Joel A -- McIntosh, Tina C -- Meister, Stephan -- Miller, Jason -- Mobarry, Clark -- Mongin, Emmanuel -- Murphy, Sean D -- O'Brochta, David A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Qi, Rong -- Regier, Megan A -- Remington, Karin -- Shao, Hongguang -- Sharakhova, Maria V -- Sitter, Cynthia D -- Shetty, Jyoti -- Smith, Thomas J -- Strong, Renee -- Sun, Jingtao -- Thomasova, Dana -- Ton, Lucas Q -- Topalis, Pantelis -- Tu, Zhijian -- Unger, Maria F -- Walenz, Brian -- Wang, Aihui -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Mei -- Wang, Xuelan -- Woodford, Kerry J -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Wu, Martin -- Yao, Alison -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Zhang, Hongyu -- Zhao, Qi -- Zhao, Shaying -- Zhu, Shiaoping C -- Zhimulev, Igor -- Coluzzi, Mario -- della Torre, Alessandra -- Roth, Charles W -- Louis, Christos -- Kalush, Francis -- Mural, Richard J -- Myers, Eugene W -- Adams, Mark D -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Broder, Samuel -- Gardner, Malcolm J -- Fraser, Claire M -- Birney, Ewan -- Bork, Peer -- Brey, Paul T -- Venter, J Craig -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Kafatos, Fotis C -- Collins, Frank H -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- R01AI44273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI48846/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI50687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. robert.holt@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/classification/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Blood ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Digestion ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Enzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Feeding Behavior ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosquito Control ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteome ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sessile alveolar macrophages communicate with alveolar epithelium to modulate immunity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-28
    Description: The tissue-resident macrophages of barrier organs constitute the first line of defence against pathogens at the systemic interface with the ambient environment. In the lung, resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) provide a sentinel function against inhaled pathogens. Bacterial constituents ligate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on AMs, causing AMs to secrete proinflammatory cytokines that activate alveolar epithelial receptors, leading to recruitment of neutrophils that engulf pathogens. Because the AM-induced response could itself cause tissue injury, it is unclear how AMs modulate the response to prevent injury. Here, using real-time alveolar imaging in situ, we show that a subset of AMs attached to the alveolar wall form connexin 43 (Cx43)-containing gap junction channels with the epithelium. During lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, the AMs remained sessile and attached to the alveoli, and they established intercommunication through synchronized Ca(2+) waves, using the epithelium as the conducting pathway. The intercommunication was immunosuppressive, involving Ca(2+)-dependent activation of Akt, because AM-specific knockout of Cx43 enhanced alveolar neutrophil recruitment and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage. A picture emerges of a novel immunomodulatory process in which a subset of alveolus-attached AMs intercommunicates immunosuppressive signals to reduce endotoxin-induced lung inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westphalen, Kristin -- Gusarova, Galina A -- Islam, Mohammad N -- Subramanian, Manikandan -- Cohen, Taylor S -- Prince, Alice S -- Bhattacharya, Jahar -- HL57556/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL64896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL73989/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL78645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL057556/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL064896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL073989/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL078645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079395/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):503-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12902. Epub 2014 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; *Cell Communication ; Connexin 43/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Cytokines/immunology/secretion ; Female ; Gap Junctions/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/*cytology/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Pneumonia/chemically induced/immunology/pathology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*cytology/*immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*cytology/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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