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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chlorpromazine and its major metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Application to biological fluids (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1985), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites in a single sample of biological fluid in the ng/ml range has been developed utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion recording. The assay is highly specific and quantification is accomplished by an inverse stable isotope dilution technique, using deuterium-labeled variants of the compounds as internal standards. In this way the concentrations of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites (the sulfoxide, the N-oxide, the monodemethylated, the didemethylated, and the 7-hydroxylated compounds) can be determined in biological fluids. Levels in humans have been measured both in plasma and in red blood cells and are compared to those found in related in vitro studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200121207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative estimation of quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents in serum by direct insertion probe chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 13 (1986), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method based on selected ion monitoring chemical ionization mass spectrometry was developed to measure the quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents, pancuronium and vecuronium, in serum. An ion-pair extraction procedure is utilized to separate the compounds of interest from biological fluids. The intensities of the ion currents produced by the bisamines formed from the drugs and the corresponding deuterated internal standards through thermolytic dequaternization are monitored. The assay shows good linearity over the range of 1-500 ng/ml. This assay has been utilized in a variety of clinical pharmacokinetic studies involving surgical pediatric, geriatric and obstetric patients requiring anesthesia.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200130703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of a poly(vinyl formal)-containing adhesive film on a polyethylene rubber surface. A photoacoustic fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 765-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PAS/FT-IR) spectra of an adhesive film containing poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) coated on a modified polyethylene (PE) rubber surface are reported, and their vibrational assignments proposed. The spectrum of PVF/PE/rubber closely resembled that of the adhesive itself, which was mainly dominated by intense and characteristic bands due to PVF. As found for the PVF compound, the formal group in the PVF polymer of the adhesive was deduced to exist mainly in the form of a six-membered intrachain cyclic structure analogous to the m-dioxane ring. The PVF/PE/rubber system was found to be thermally stable after storage at 20°C for more than 10 months and also unaffected by repeated temperature cycligs (-50 to 60°C). Thermal treatment in air at 60°C for 5 months, however, led to an almost complete loss of the adhesive film on the substrate, as evidenced by the disappearance of bands due to PVF. First-order kinetic parameters were experimentally obtained for the loss of PVF on the rubber surface. The final thermal degradation products were identified as structures containing both carbonyl and olefinic groups. The degradation reactions were primarily a process of oxidation and crosslinking, which led to formation of an embrittled material as evidenced from visual inspection of the degraded film. The behavior of PVF in the adhesive/substrate system was very similar to the thermal degradation behavior of the compound PVF itself.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility of poly(neopentyl glycol adipate) with chlorinated polypropylene and with vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1463-1465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290438
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of epoxy coatings on steel by reflection/absorption fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. I. Effects of film thickness and angle of incidence (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6339-6352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Films of amine-cured epoxy coating of varying thicknesses from 100 Å to 2.5 μm on steel have been studied by reflection/absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-RA). The shape and frequency of several strongly absorbed bands of epoxy have been examined as a function of film thickness and angle of incidence. Compared to transmission spectra, reflection/absorption spectra of epoxy coating on steel show band shifts and distortions of the bands at 1510, 1247, and 1040 cm-1. These effects are more pronounced at increased thickness and at grazing angles. For thin films ( 〈 100 nm), RA spectral intensity increases with increasing angle of incidence. For thicker films, the relationship is quite complex. The relationship between film thickness and FTIR-RA spectral peak height of an amine-cured epoxy coating on steel has also been established.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of the phenyl group in γ-irradiated compatible blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sensitivity to radiation of mixtures of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene-co-acrylonitile) (SAN) was studied over the entire range of composition. Polystyrene-co-acrylonitrile, like polystyrene, is highly resistant to ionizing radiation, having a small Gx value for crosslinking (0.077) and an even smaller Gs value for main chain scission (0.055). In contrast, PMMA degrades readily under irradiation (with Gs = 1.2). In γ-irradiated blends, the behavior of each polymer is largely influenced by the presence of the other component. Gel formation in SAN is impeded by PMMA, as a result of a decrease in Gx, and a concomitant increase in the ratio Gs/Gx. Flexural strength measurements, along with molecular weight determinations by gel permeation chromatography, demonstrated that SAN had a marked protective effect on PMMA by decreasing Gs (chain scission). This protective effect was not observed in earlier experiments with PMMA-PS blends, in spite of its chemical similarity to the system PMMA-SAN. The difference in behavior between PMMA-PS and PMMA-SAN may be explained on the basis of polymer compatibility. PMMA and SAN form a compatible pair, whereas PMMA and PS are incompatible; thus the short range protective effect of the phenyl groups in PS is inhibited.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of penicillin by triangle programmed coulometric acid-base flow titration in a system incorporating an enzyme reactor (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 356-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Penicillin ; Coulometry ; Flow titration ; Enzyme reactor ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A flow-through coulometric titration technique is described which can be applied for the determination of a wide variety of compounds. If necessary, the sample can be transformed in the measuring system into a form which can be titrated. Thus an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can also be used as a sample pretreatment step. In this article a measurement technique and apparatus are described in which an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is used for the fast and reliable determination of penicillin compounds. The principle of the technique is that an enzyme reactor is built into the sample line of the measurement system used for performing coulometric triangle programmed titrations. One of the components of the reaction mixture leaving the reactor (in this case penicilloic acid) is determined by coulometric acid-base titration. This technique is especially useful for the analysis of large sample series.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A condition number scaling policy for stability robustness analysis (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1200-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The condition number of the process transfer function G(s) has been proposed and used as an indicator of the inherent controllability of a process even though it is a scale-dependent quantity. A rapid suboptimal scaling policy known as G-balancing is developed for the case of the l2 norm where the condition number is the ratio of the largest to the smallest singular value of G(s). For 2 × 2 systems, G-balancing gives the same optimal scaling as an available analytical solution. The higher order examples given compare the results of G-balancing with the known analytic results for l2 norm optimal scaling.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340716
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the alternating monomer unit sequence and the cis and trans linkage configurations at the cyclic maleic anhydride units in the copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride prepared in carbon tetrachloride (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3507-3516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The monomer unit triad sequence distribution and the cis/trans linkage configurations at the cyclic maleic anhydride (MA) units in the copolymers of styrene (ST) and MA prepared in CCl4 with AIBN at 50°C were quantitatively determined by 13C DEPT NMR spectroscopy. So much as 61 % of the linkages at the MA units were found to be in cis configuration, which was considered to be formed by a participation of the 1:1 electron donor-acceptor complex formed between ST and MA in the propagation step. The mole fraction of the cis configuration was found to be proportional to the mole fraction of alternating triad sequences when the monomer unit sequences approach to be completely alternating. This supported the proposal that, in alternating and semi-alternating copolymerizations, the alternating sequences were formed mainly by the addition of the complex. The equilibrium constant of the complexation in CCl4 at 23°C was determined to be 0,21 L/mol.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021981115
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequenzspezifische Erkennung und Modifikation von Doppelhelix-DNA durch Oligonucleotide (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 105 (1993), S. 697-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Viele natürlich vorkommende und synthetische Liganden können Nucleinsäuren selektiv erkennen, Oligonucleotide aber zeigen die höchste Erkennungsspezifität. Sie binden unter Bildung von Watson-Crick-Wasserstoffbrücken an eine komplementäre einsträngige Sequenz. Des weiteren können sie in der großen Furche von Doppelhelix-DNA bestimmte Sequenzen erkennen, indem sie mit Purinbasen der Watson-Crick-Basenpaare Hoogsteen- oder reverse Hoogsteen-Wasserstoffbrücken bilden, wobei eine Tripelhelix entsteht. An der sequenzspezifischen Wechselwirkung sind hauptsächlich Homopurin. Homopyrimidin-Sequenzen in der Doppelhelix beteiligt. Es ist noch immer eine Herausforderung für Chemiker, den Bereich der Erkennungssequenzen zu erweitern. Es sind sowohl thermodynamische als auch kinetische Parameter für die Bildung von Tripelhelices bestimmt worden. Diese Parameter zeigen beispielsweise, daß die Bildung einer Tripelhelix viel langsamer ist als die einer Doppelhelix. Nuclease-resistente Oligonucleotide, die aus dem α-Anomer von Nucleosiden (anstatt aus dem natürlich vorkommenden β-Anomer) dargestellt werden, bilden mit doppelsträngiger DNA ebenfalls Tripelhelices. Tripelhelix-bildende Oligonucleotide können mit DNA-intercalierenden Agentien verknüpft werden, wodurch sie eine höhere Bindungsaffinität erhalten. Oligonucleotide können auch durch Reagentien modifiziert werden, die durch chemische oder photochemische Aktivierung in der Zielsequenz irreversible Reaktionen induzieren. Es können so künstliche Nucleasen entwickelt werden, die eine hohe Sequenzspezifität selbst für Megabasen-DNA aufweisen. Tripelhelix-bildende Oligonucleotide können ferner zur selektiven Steuerung der Genexpression verwendet werden. Binden sie an regulatorische Bereiche bestimmter Gene, so können sie die Aktivierung (oder Repression) der Transkription verhindern. Werden sie in der Nähe oder downstream von der Stelle gebunden, an der die Transkription beginnt, so kann die Fortsetzung des Ablesevorgangs gehemmt werden. Es ist vorstellbar, daß sich neue genblockierende Agentien entwickeln lassen, die zur therapeutischen Behandlung genetischer Störungen eingesetzt werden können.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050506
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