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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local shell-side heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop in a tubular heat exchanger with orifice baffles (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 669-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By means of a moveable sensing probe previously described2 local shell-side heat transfer coefficients and friction losses were measured on a model tubular heat exchanger containing orifice baffles. The heat exchanger shell was 6-in. nominal I.D. and 45 in. in length and contained four tubes in triangular arrangement passing through orifice baffles. Baffle hole diameters of 1-/16, 1-2/16, 1-3/16, and 1-5/16 in. and baffle spacings of 4.0 and 9.0 in. were studied. Data were taken at several air flow rates for each of the four baffle hole diameters.The average heat transfer coefficient for the region between two central baffles was correlated with an empirical equation based on only two baffle spacings.An increase in the baffle-to-tube clearance caused a decrease in heat transfer. An increase in the baffle spacing also resulted in a decrease in heat transfer. Four flow zones in the baffle space are postulated from the analysis of Nusselt number distribution along the tube. The heat transfer characteristics in each of the four flow zones were analyzed in terms of the mechanism of the fluid flow.The pressure-drop data were correlated in terms of an annular orifice coefficient of discharge and an orifice-pressure-drop function. As a result of this study a method was developed by which one can predict the average of the local coefficients at the baffle position from the knowledge of pressure drop across a single baffle.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line optimizing control of a nonadiabatic fixed bed reactor (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A scheme of on-line optimizing control is presented for a nonadiabatic fixed bed reactor which experiences a highly exothermic reaction. The control scheme has been devised to perform adaptive control of bed temperature and on-line steady state optimization simultaneously.Experiments were conducted with a pilot scale fixed bed reactor where partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride occurs. The reactor system was interfaced with a microcomputer for real-time control and optimization. With an objective function consisting of a net profit by producing maleic anhydride plus a penalty term on high bed temperature, it was clearly shown that the reaction conditions were driven to the expected optimum region.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310417
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the effects of the organometallic coupling agents on adhesion of the glass fiber-BMI composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 695-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work investigates the increase of adhesion between glass fiber and BMI. Five kinds of organometallic coupling agents of Ti, Zr, and Zr/Al are used to treat the fiber surface and then to reinforce BMI. A more efficient way is to mix the coupling agents directly into BMI and then reinforce by glass fiber. Then compare the adhesion of resulting composites, which are made by two methods described as above. As a result, the mechanical properties of the latter is slightly lower than the former. The Ti coupling agents are most effective, followed by Zr coupling agents and then Zr/Al coupling agents. Mixing Ti coupling agent directly into BMI, the degree of curing measured by DSC is 90%, the shear strength of the GFRP increases 31.9%, the flexural strength increases 30.8%, and the tensile strength increases 34.0%. Analyzing the chemical bonding by FT-IR, we found that choosing the organometallic coupling agent of type [RO-Ti (OX-R'NH2)3] and adding it to BMI can most effectively improve the adhesion. TGA shows that directly mixing coupling agent into BMI only changes a little of its thermal cracking temperature. Observed by SEM, we know that using coupling agent can promote adhesion between BMI and glass fiber.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450417
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the organometallic coupling agents on adhesion of the carbon fiber-BMI composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 683-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to increase the chemical bonding force between fiber and resin, several kinds of organometallic coupling agent (such as titanate, zirconate, and zircoaluminate) were chosen and added in the BMI resin formulation, which possess the same solvent system with those coupling agents. The DSC analysis technique was used to find the best curing condition, and TGA was used to investigate the thermal stability property of the best curing condition. For the purpose of analyzing the bonding structure, ESCA surface element analysis techniques was applied in this study. Beside that, the mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, and short-beam shear strengths were measured for the effect of adding coupling agents, and the SEM of fracture surfaces were taken to study the fractural analysis. The results showed that composites with the application of organometallic coupling agents of [RO-Ti(OX-R′NH2)3] structure in the treatment of BMI resin were highly thermal stable. Also, it was shown that the mechanical strengths of composites fabricated by pretreatment of the carbon fibers with coupling agents were higher than those fabricated by adding coupling agents in resins, but there was no obvious improvement of mechanical properties with higher concentration of coupling agents. However, the SEM showed that the adhesion between fiber and resin can actually be improved by adding proper amount of coupling agents in the BMI resin formulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450416
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors on the growth and maturation of HL-60 cells (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) cell-conditioned medium (GCT CM), and highly purified granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) on the growth and maturation of a highly passaged population of HL-60 cells. DMSO produced dose-dependent inhibition of HL-60 growth in liquid and semisolid media. Growth was partially to completely restored by the addition of GCT CM to cultures. Experiments in which cell volume, cell cycle kinetics, tritiated thymidine (3HTdr) incorporation, cell number, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction were compared during culture indicated that DMSO inhibited the spontaneous increase in cell volume and flow of cells through the cell cycle which occurred in the first day of culture, the increase in 3HTdr incorporation which was detectable by day 2; and the increment in cell counts which occurred by day 3. These effects were opposed by GCT CM. In contrast, the DMSO-induced increase in NBT reduction which occurred by day 6 was not influenced by GCT CM. The major principle opposing DMSO was GM-CSF, since (1) highly purified GM-CSF from GCT cells and recombinant GM-CSF from COS cells transfected with the Mo cell GM-CSF gene overcame greater than 50% of DMSO inhibition; and (2) conditioned media from cells not producing CSF, G-CSF from GCT cells, and recombinant G-CSF from Escherichia coli transfected with the G-CSF gene from 5,637 cells were inactive. DMSO had little or no effect on the elaboration of autostimulatory activity by HL-60 cells. DMSO is a useful agent for inhibiting the spontaneous growth of HL-60 cells and restoring their dependence on GM-CSF, a property which may be mediated through the effects of DMSO on cell cycle kinetics and/or maturation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylose-polyester block copolymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 997-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of amylose-polyester block copolymers is described. 2,3,6-Tri-0-allyl amylose was synthesized by amylose alkoxide and allyl bromide and hydrolyzed by hydronium ions to give an hydroxyl-terminated allyl amylose oligomer (HTAA). The allyl groups were isomerized with t-BuoK to yield the prop-1-enyl isomer (HTPA). The HTPA was capped with a diisocyanate. The HTPA prepolymer was reacted with hydroxy-terminated poly(ethylene-co-propylene adipate) and poly-(ethylene terephthalate) to form block terpolymers. Block terpolymer formation was demonstrated by intrinsic viscosity increases, gel permeation chromatographic results, and infrared (IR) and PMR spectroscopy. The products were depropenylated by HgCl2 to yield amylose block terpolymers. These polymers were readily degraded by α-amylase.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the cell cycle kinetics and phosphoproteins of G1-enriched HL-60 cells: Evidence of early effects on lamin B phosphorylation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 146 (1991), S. 425-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have found that GM-CSF and DMSO have antagonistic effects on the proliferation but not maturation of asynchronously growing HL-60 cells such that growth in the presence of both more closely resembles normal hematopoiesis (Brennan et al., J. Cell Physiol. 132:246, 1987). Studies were undertaken to determine whether or not the agents affected the same mitogenic pathway and locus in the cell cycle. HL-60 populations containing at least 90% G1 cells were obtained by centrifugal elutriation, exposed to 100 u/ml recombiniant human GM-CSF and/or 0-1.25% DMSO, and phosphoprotein changes quantified on autoradiograms of [32P]-orthophosphate-labeled cell proteins separated by giant 2-D gel electrophoresis. Results were correlated with (1) intracellular pH, determined by measurement of BCECF fluorescence; (2) [32P]-orthophosphate uptake; (3) cell cycle progression, determined by flow quantitation of DNA content in mithramycin or propidium iodide-stained cells; and (4) growth, determined by cell volume and concentration. GM-CSF stimulated and DMSO inhibited the GM-CSF-stimulated phosphorylation of 1 protein (∼65 kDa, p.i. 5.6) within 2 min of exposure. These effects were sustained through G1 not associated with changes in intracellular pH, and preceded similar antagonistic effects on phosphate uptake (15-30 minutes), cell volume change (16-24 hr), and cell concentration increase (28-32 hr). GM-CSF accelerated and DMSO inhibited G1 to S transit with the most marked antagonism observed in the second cycle following synch onization (28 to 40 hrs). Cell maturation (morphology, NBT reduction) was dominated by DMSO and not antagonized by GM-CSF. We have identified p65 as the nuclear intermediate filament protein, lamin B, on the basis of its locus on gels and its binding of a monoclonal antibody to intermediate filaments and antiserum to human lamin B on immunoblots. These studies suggest that at least part of the GM-CSF-DMSO antagonism is exerted through the same mitogenic pathway, that a major locus of cytokinetic effect is on G1 to S transit, and that nuclear envelope protein phosphorylation is an important early event.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041460313
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