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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrafeine ZrO2 - Pulver durch Laserverdampfung: Herstellung und EigenschaftenUltrafeine oxidische Pulver werden durch Co2-Laserverdampfung aus grobem ZrO2-Pulver oder kompakten ZrO2-Stangen hergestellt.Die 10.6 μm-Strahlung im Leistungsbereich von 1 bis 4 kW wird durch einen quergeströmten CO2-Laser erzeugt, der in cw-und Pw-Betrieb arbeitet.Die Verdampfungsrate ist abhängig von der relativen Lage der Fokalebene zur Oberfläche des ZrO2-Pulvers, der Laserintensität und der eingekoppelten Energie.Bei einer Laserintensität von 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 erreicht man eine optimale Verdampfungsrate von 130 g · h-1 (cw-Betrieb des Lasers).Das hergestellte Pulver besteht aus sphärischen Partikeln; deren Durchmesser variiert im Bereich von 5 bis 200 nm und kann durch die Verfahrensparameter beeinflußt werden. Die spezifische Oberfläche ist einstellbar von 10 bis 30 m2 · g-1.Das Pulver aus unstabilisiertem Zirkonium besitzt einen sehr hohen Anteil tetragonaler Phase. Im Fall von chemisch stabilisiertem Zirkonium kann sich die Zusammensetzung während des Verdampfungsprozesses und der Rekondensation ändern.
    Notes: Ultrafine oxide powders were produced by CO2 laser evaporation of coarse ZrO2 powder or compact stabilized ZrO2 materialThe 10.6μm radiation in the power range 1-4kW was generated by a transversal flow Co2 laser which can oscillate in cw and pw operationThe vaporization rate depends on the relative position of the focal plane to the surface of the ZrO2 powder, the laser intensity and the supplied energy input.At a laser intensity of 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 the optimum vaporization rate is 130 g · h-1 (cw-operation of the laser).The produced powders consist of spherical particles; their diameters vary in the range from 5 to 200 nm can be controlled by the process conditions. The surface area (BET) is adjustable from 10 to 30 m2 · g-1.The powders of unstabilized zirconia show an unusual high content of the tetragonal phase. In case of chemically stabilized zirconia the composition can change during the process of evaporation and recondensation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In addition to CrO42- and Cr2O72-, species such as H2CrO4, HCrO4- and HCr2O72- have been considered to exist in Cr(VI) equilibria in aqueous solution. The Raman spectra of dilute solutions of Cr(VI) at different pH have confirmed the non-existence of the last three species in a Cr(VI) concentration range between 0.1 M and the lower detection limit of concentration (ca 0.003 M). The proposed equilibrium, 2CrO42- +2H+⇌Cr2O72- +H2O, seems to be the only one existing between pH 1 and 11. A quantitative Raman study of the influence of ionic strength on the corresponding apparent formation constant β′22 led us to the determination of the equilibrium constant at zero ionic strength, namely log β22=14.85±0.04 at 25°C. In more acidic aqueous Cr(VI) solutions, up to 12M in HNO3, preliminary investigations corroborated the presence of the trichromate and tetrachromate species.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 14 (1983), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: With the intention of doing a study of the CrO42-/Cr2O72- equilibrium in aqueous solution, we have carefully re-examined the Raman spectra of CrO42-, Cr2O72- and ClCrO3-. Diluting stepwise an aqueous solution of CrO42- ion we have showed the non-existence of the HCrO4- species which was previously considered to exist in such systems. By studying the effect of pH on the Raman spectra we calculated the constant for the equilibrium: 2 CrO42- + 2H+ ⇌ Cr2O72- + H2O to be log β22=13.77±0.02 (20°C and KNO3 0.8 M). Using this value of the constant, we were able to establish the distribution diagram of the CrO42- and Cr2O72- species versus pH.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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