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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavily doped CdTe films grown by close-spaced vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 184-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Very heavily doped n-type polycrystalline CdTe films doped with metallic cadmium were prepared by using close-spaced vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation and the electrical, structural, and morphological properties were investigated. Cadmium was introduced as a dopant by evaporation during films preparation. The highest dark conductivity at room temperature of the films obtained was 1.18×104 S cm−1. The dark conductivity decreased with the increase of the ambient temperature. The highest dark electron concentration obtained was 1.59×1022 cm−3 and increased with the temperature. The mobility decreased with the temperature. The film was a polycrystalline cubic phase. We show the surface topography of the film using scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, in order to see the growth patterns. The crystallite size was very uniform of a few μm, and the growth patterns on the grain surface were in form of terraces. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360929
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for the electrorheological effect in flowing polymeric nematics (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 8197-8204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical model to study the response of a polymeric nematic confined in a rectangular cell, to a dc electric field is presented. The effect of a pressure-driven plane Poiseuille flow and its competition with the electric field is explicitly considered. For the final stationary state where the induced reorientation of the director has already occurred, an aligned structure with a greatly enhanced viscosity (electrorheological effect) is produced. For this same state the first normal stress difference is calculated as a function of position and of the applied field. For this quantity, regions of negative and positive values develop along the direction of the velocity gradient and an increase in the electric field or the flow causes an augmented effect in its profiles. The net force between the plates is also calculated. As the Reynolds number increases, it is found that it also changes sign from positive to negative, and the effect is more pronounced as the strength of the electric field increases. Finally, the paper is closed by discussing the scope and limitations of the model and methods employed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluids with internal degrees of freedom. I. Extended thermodynamics approach (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 4208-4215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) is used to derive a complete set of time evolution equations for the state variables describing a general polyatomic fluid. The internal degrees of freedom of the fluid are represented by suitable nonconserved variables. In particular, these time evolution equations are shown to resemble relaxation-type equations. The sign of the unknown coefficients included in such equations is undetermined. However, when a comparison is made with the results obtained from the moment solution method of a kinetic equation for a dilute polyatomic fluid, several of the general features of the phenomenological results are clarified. Indeed, the predictions of kinetic theory fully agree with the basic equations of EIT. This provides a mesoscopic foundation for the theory. The sign of the unknown coefficients appearing in the relaxation-type equations for the nonconserved variables is such that the corresponding relaxation times are positive definite. Therefore, such equations are indeed relaxation equations. Other features of the phenomenological theory are also discussed on the light of the kinetic theoretical results. Further, the usefulness of the theory will be addressed in connection with a subsequent paper where the results here obtained will be used to compute the Rayleigh–Brillouin spectrum for a polyatomic fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451880
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluids with internal degrees of freedom. II. Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 4216-4220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extended thermodynamic treatment developed in part I for a fluid with internal degrees of freedom, is used to calculate its Rayleigh–Brillouin spectrum. A hydrodynamic model is first constructed which involves unspecified phenomenological coefficients. When these coefficients are identified in terms of experimental parameters, reasonably good agreement is obtained between the calculated and measured dynamic structure factor of CS2 at 20 °C with a density 1.262 g/cm3 and for k=8.608×10 cm−1. It is also shown that when the relaxation times of the trace and the nondeviatoric part of the stress tensor of the fluid tend to zero, the results previously derived by Mountain are recovered. The possible connections between this extended thermodynamic approach and Rytov's hydrodynamic theory are also hinted at.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended thermodynamic description of diffusion in an inert binary mixture (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 4099-4102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium concentration autocorrelation function for an inert binary mixture is calculated by means of extended irreversible thermodynamics. The ensuing generalized transport coefficient is explicitly evaluated and the corresponding k-dependent relaxation time is also obtained. The connection with neutron scattering experiments is suggested and expressions for the dynamic structure factor and the half-width dispersion relation are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449075
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple computer-controlled scanning for a coherent Stokes Raman scattering spectrometer (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3047-3050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Synchronous wave number-shift scanning of a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser and the detection monochromator for a coherent Stokes Raman scattering (CSRS) system were realized using an inexpensive analog to digital board. With this improvement the CSRS spectrometer may be used to scan over a large wave number shift range and/or may be used at relatively high resolution using a photomultiplier tube as the detector. This is especially useful in the probing of luminous systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147428
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First moments of the liquid phase far-infrared absorption cross section and the R(ω) representation of depolarized Rayleigh scattering (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2264-2272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A calculation of the first moment or average frequency ω¯ of the liquid phase far-infrared absorption cross section is presented. The theory also applies to the calculation of the average frequency of the R(ω) representation of depolarized Rayleigh scattering data, where R(ω)=ω[1−exp(−(h-dash-bar)ω/kT)]I(ω). The average frequency is shown to depend on the integral of the imaginary part of the angular derivative correlation function divided by time. A semiclassical relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the correlation function is derived and shown to lead to a series representation of ω¯ in terms of fourth and higher moments of the intensity spectrum. It is demonstrated that the theory reproduces the exact semiclassical result for ω¯ of both the far-IR absorption spectrum and the R(ω) representation of the depolarized Rayleigh wing of linear free rotors. The implications of our theory concerning the comparison of peak frequencies in the far-IR absorption spectrum and the R(ω) representation of the depolarized Rayleigh scattering spectrum are discussed. The theory is able to qualitatively explain the experimentally observed dependence of peak frequency on temperature, concentration, and isotopic substitution. The ratio of the average frequencies of the absorption cross section and the R(ω) representation is shown to depend on the size of the mean square torque compared to (kT)2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration dependent depolarized Rayleigh scattering of dimethylformamide-h7 and -d7 in CCl4 solution (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2273-2280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formulas derived in our previous paper on the first moments of far-infrared and depolarized Rayleigh spectra are applied to the study of dimethylformamide (DMF) and its deuterated derivative in carbon tetrachloride solution. Changes in the peak and average frequencies of the R(ω) representation of the depolarized Rayleigh wing data are measured as a function of concentration and compared to limited far-infrared absorbance spectra of the more dilute solutions. The measured average frequencies of the DRS data agree well with those calculated from the area under the imaginary correlation function divided by time, and with the values calculated from the first term in the series expression for ω¯ in terms of fourth and higher even moments. Collisional contributions to the spectral moments complicate the determination of mean square torques and orientational correlations from the DRS spectra. The first and second moments were found to be larger than the theoretical values for purely reorientational scattering and were fairly independent of concentration. The data suggest that the additional scattering is due to a dipole–induced dipole contribution to the polarizability αi⋅Ti j⋅αj.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454060
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CaBi2Ta2O9 ferroelectric thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2925-2927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBT) were deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 °C. The presence of (115) and (0010) orientations confirm the phase formation at the lower temperature (500 °C). Microstructure evolution of CBT films with oxygen pressure of 100–200 mTorr at a substrate temperature of 650 °C shows that the films deposited at lower pressure have a relatively smaller grain size and less surface roughness. The films grown at 650 °C exhibited a maximum polarization of (2Pm) 17 μC/cm2, remanent polarization of (2Pr) 8 μC/cm2 and coercive field of (Ec) 128 kV/cm, with fatigue endurance up to 1010 switching cycles. The higher dielectric constant (∼115 at 100 kHz) with a relatively lower dissipation factor (0.02) at higher growth temperature (700 °C) was explained by the increased grain size. The higher leakage current density (∼10−7 A/cm2) at higher deposition temperature is attributed to the interfacial diffusion of the film and the substrate. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370545
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft breakdown fluctuation events in ultrathin SiO2 layers (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 490-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When an ultrathin (〈5 nm) oxide is subjected to electrical stress, several soft-breakdown events can occur prior to the final dielectric breakdown. After the occurrence of such failure events, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic corresponds to the superposition of highly conductive spots and background conduction through the undegraded capacitor area. In this conduction regime, the application of a low constant voltage gives rise to large leakage current fluctuations in the form of random telegraph signal. Some of these fluctuations have been identified with ON/OFF switching events of one or more local conduction spots, and not with a modulation of their conductance. The experimental soft-breakdown I–V characteristics are shown to be better understood if the spot conduction is considered to be locally limited by the silicon electrodes and not by the oxide. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121910
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