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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 12 (1978), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 2342-2357 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die vCo-Banden der IR-Spektren und die Lichtabsorption einiger Indigoide werden im Zusammenhang mit der Ladungsverteilung im molekularen π-Elektronensystem diskutiert. Dabei werden besonders der Einfluß der Oxydationsstufe und der Abwandlung des Fünfring-Heteroatoms sowie die Natur der Wasserstoffbrücken erörtert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 2136-2145 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Frequenz der CO-Valenzschwingung des Indigodampfes wurde mit einer bis 400° heizbaren Küvette zu 1662/cm bestimmt; ihre starke Verschiebung gegenüber ihrer Lage im kristallisierten Zustand (νCO = 1626/cm) wird auf zwischenmolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken zurückgeführt, deren Einfluß auf die IR- und Elektronen-Spektren des Indigos in HMO-Rechnungen durch eine Variation der Coulomb-Integrale der Ringheteroatome wiedergegeben werden kann.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 2923-2933 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra of Organic Compounds, VIII. 7,8-Dimethylenebicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene and Related CompoundsThe photoelectron spectra of vicinal dimethylene derivatives of cyclohexane and cyclohexene bridged by a group with π-, Walsh, or n-orbitals (3-13) are discussed on the basis of a LCMO model within the HMO approximation. The homoconjugative interaction between the semicyclic diene and one other group is only slight; more pronounced effects are observed if an interaction with two other groups is possible, as in the case of 7,8-dimethylenebicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene (3) or 5,6-dimethylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (12).
    Notes: Die Photoelektronenspektren von vicinalen Dimethylenderivaten des Cyclohexans und Cyclohexens, die durch eine Gruppe mit π-, Walsh- oder n-Orbitalen überbrückt sind (3-13), werden auf der Grundlage eines LCMO-Modells im Rahmen der HMO-Näherung diskutiert. Die homokonjugative Wechselwirkung zwischen dem semicyclischen Diensystem und einer weiteren Gruppe ist gering; ausgeprägtere Effekte treten auf, wenn wie im Falle des 7,8-Dimethylenbicyclo-[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diens (3) oder des 5,6-Dimethylen-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ens (12) eine Wechselwirkung mit zwei weiteren Gruppen möglich ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 1108-1125 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra of Organic Compounds, V. The Interaction between Small Rings and π-SystemsThe analysis of the photoelectron spectra of methylene, cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl substituted vinyl, cyclopentenyl and phenyl compounds showed that within the HMO approximation the conjugative interaction between a Walsh orbital of cyclobutane and a π orbital can be described by a βρσ = -1.25 eV which should be compared with βρσ = -2.15 eV and βρσ = -2.45 eV for the interaction between a cyclopropane Walsh orbital and a π orbital and between two π orbitals. The spectrum of methylenecyclopent-1-ene gives an experimental confirmation of the orbital sequence π, π, σ in s-trans-butadienes.
    Notes: Durch die Analyse der Photoelektronenspektren methylen-, cyclopropyl- und cyclobutyl- substituierter Vinyl-, Cyclopentenyl- und Phenylverbindungen wurde gezeigt, daß die konjugative Wechselwirkung zwischen Orbital und π-Orbital im Rahmen der HMO-Näherung durch ein βρσ = -1.25 eV beschrieben wird, im Vergleich zu βρσ = -2.15 eV und βρσ = -2.45 eV für die Wechselwirkung zwischen π-Orbital und Cyclopropan-Walsh-Orbital bzw. zwischen zwei π-Orbitalen. Das Spektrum von Methylencyclopent-1-en liefert eine experimentelle Bestätigung der Orbitalreihenfolge π, π, σ in s-trans-Butadienen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 1097-1106 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: MINDO/3 Calculations and PE Investigations on the Mode of the Reaction of Azabicyclic CompoundsOn the basis of PE spectra as well as orbital energies and heats of formation calculated by means of the MINDO/3 method the effect of a possible interaction between the nitrogen lonepair and the π electrons in 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene (2) and its N-hydroxy derivative 4 is being discussed. MINDO/3 calculations for the corresponding nitrenium ions indicate a possible mechanism for the rearrangement reaction of the O-tosyl derivatives of 4 and for the structure of nitrenium and carbenium ions which should be intermediates for this mechanism.
    Notes: Aufgrund von PE-Spektren sowie aufgrund nach der MINDO/3-Methode berechneter Orbitalenergien und Bildungsenthalpien wird der Effekt einer möglichen Wechselwirkung zwischen dem freien Elektronenpaar des Stickstoffs und den π-Elektronen in 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en (2) und im N-Hydroxy-Derivat 4 diskutiert. MINDO/3-Rechnungen für die entsprechenden Nitrenium-Ionen geben Hinweise auf den Mechanismus der Umlagerung der O-Tosylderivate von 4 und auf die Struktur der intermediär auftretenden Nitrenium- und Carbenium-Ionen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 944-957 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Conjugative Interactions of Cyclobutane1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-2-vinyl- (3), 3-ethynyl-1,1-dimethyl- (5), and 2-ethynyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclobutane (6) were synthesized in order to analyze the conjugative properties of cyclobutane. From the PE spectra of these compounds as well as of related model compounds an interaction term HRS = -0.54 eV to describe the conjugation between cyclobutane and a π system was obtained within the frame work of a LCBO model. From the spectra of the ethynyl-substituted cyclobutanes 4-6 it is seen that in contrast with the findings for the corresponding cyclopropyl compounds this conjugative interaction does not depend on the conformation. By means of methyl substitution which lowers the energy difference between cyclobutane and π orbitals, the conjugative power of the cyclobutane ring may be enhanced considerably. Without this effect which is particularly effective for the position α relative to the π system, the influence of the cyclobutane on the π system hardly exceeds that of an alkyl substituent of comparable size.
    Notes: Zur Analyse der konjugativen Eigenschaften des Cyclobutans wurden 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-2-vinyl- (3), 3-Ethinyl-1,1-dimethyl- (5) und 2-Ethinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylcyclobutan (6) synthetisiert. Aus den Photoelektronenspektren der vinylsubstituierten Cyclobutane und Vergleichs-verbindungen läßt sich eine Wechselwirkung HRS = -0.54 eV ableiten, die im Rahmen eines LCBO-Modells die Konjugation zwischen Cyclobutan und π-System beschreibt. Diese Konjugation ist im Unterschied zu Cyclopropylderivaten nicht konformationsabhängig, wie die Spektren der ethinylsubstituierten Cyclobutane 4-6 zeigen. Die Konjugationsfähigkeit des Cyclobutans läßt sich durch Methylsubstitution, welche die Energiedifferenz zwischen Ring- und π-Orbitalen vermindert, beträchtlich steigern. Ohne diesen Effekt, der in α-Stellung zum π-Substituenten besonders wirksam ist, übersteigt der Einfluß des Cyclobutans auf π-Systeme kaum den Einfluß vergleichbar großer Alkylsubstituenten.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 890-898 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Internal Flexibility of Sterically Fixed s-cis-ButadienesForce Field Calculations yield a coplanar arrangement of the π systems of the vicinal exo-methylene derivatives 1 and 2 of cyclobutane and cyclopentane and of the corresponding derivatives 4-7 of norbornane, bicyclooctane, bicyclononane and bicyclooctene. The detailed geometry of the cis-butadiene unit is essentially determined by the ring system. For the cyclohexane derivative 3 on the other hand a chair conformation is obtained. 2,5 and 6 are rather flexible molecules for which torsions of the π system up to 20° require energies less than 5 kJ/mol, whereas for the more rigid systems 1, 4 and 7 approximately 10 kJ/mol are necessary for twisting the π system by 10°.
    Notes: Kraftfeldrechnungen ergeben für die vicinalen exo-Methylenderivate 1 und 2 des Cyclobutans und des Cyclopentans sowie für die entsprechenden Derivate 4-7 des Norbornans, Bicyclooctans, Bicyclononans und des Bicyclooctens eine planare Anordnung des π-Systems. Dessen genaue Geometrie im wesentlichen durch das cyclische Gerüst bestimmt wird. Das Cyclohexanderivat 3 dagegen liegt in einer Sesselform vor. Die Moleküle 2, 5 und 6 zeichnen sich durch große Flexibilität aus, Torsionen des π-Systems bis etwa 20° erfordern Energien von weniger als 5 kJ/mol, während für die starreren Systeme 1,4 und 7 bereits bei Verdrillungen um 10° etwa 10 kJ/mol erforderlich sind.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1251-1257 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; benzenes ; electrophilic substitutions ; proton affinities ; QSAR ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An additivity rule for proton affinities (PAS) in polysubstituted benzenes is derived from the MP2(fc)/6-31 G**//HF/6-31 G* + ZPE(HF/6-31 G*) theoretical model by use of the concepts of homodesmic reactions and independent substituents. The performance of the additivity rule of thumb is very good; this is evidenced by the excellent agreement of the estimated PAS with the latest experimental data. We believe that the additivity should work for larger aromatic compounds too. The PA increments, which characterize the influence of each substituent on a particular site of the benzene ring undergoing electrophilic substitution, proved useful in discussing various chemical properties of this family of compounds.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 70 (1998), S. 1023-1028 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conical intersections are a common feature in most nondiabatic singlet photoreactions. For ethylene, several S1-S0 conical intersections could be located by CASSCF calculations. The energetically lowest one is different from the one determined by Ohmine [J. Chem. Phys. 83, 2348 (1985)]; its geometry suggests that cis-trans isomerization and a [1,2]hydrogen shift occur via the same funnel.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 1023-1028, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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