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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Backbone-Modified Phytoalexin Elicitor (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 920-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: bioorganic chemistry ; carbohydrates ; glycosides ; peptide bonds ; phytochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two suitably protected building blocks (11 and 33) for the preparation of amide-linked heptaglucoside mimetic 2, an analogue of the naturally occurring phytoalexin elicitor 1a, were readily accessible by glycal chemistry. Sequential elongation of terminal glucuronide 21 with laminaribiosyl hemiaminal 33 and anomeric amine 11 by EDC/HOBt-catalyzed condensation and two-step conversion of the C6-OTr moiety into the corresponding carboxylate function afforded homogeneous carbopeptoid 2 in high overall yield. It was found that replacement of the acetal linkages by the more rigid amide bonds destroys the phytoalexin-elicitor activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19970030614
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method used to estimate screening-level total failure probability for human error eventsThis screening method is adapted from the rule-based methods outlined by A. D. Swain in Accident Sequence Evaluation Program Human Reliability Analysis Procedure, [2] hereafter referred to as ASEP HRA (Swain, 1987). (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 14 (1995), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This document briefly describes the method used to estimate a screening value for the Total Failure Probability (FT) of human error events that are identified in the fault trees which describe potential liquid UF6 release accidents at two U.S. Gaseous Diffusion Plants. A discussion is provided of the assumptions, limitations, and overall logic of the FT assignment method, and a description is presented of how the method is employed. The description herein, and more completely in Burns and Turner [1], presents the screening technique* used to quantify human errors in the accident analysis portion of the Gaseous Diffusion Plant Safety Analysis Report Upgrade Program.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680140309
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subacute toxicity testing of biomaterials using histopathologic evaluation of rabbit muscle tissueThis investigation was supported by the National Institute of Dental Research, Contract No. PH-43-68-1315. (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. 39-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A group of 12 materials was evaluated for tissue compatibility via a sequential histopathologic evaluation of the rabit muscle response to the implanted materials. Tissue samples were obtained daily for 7 days and weekly for 12 weeks to follow the time course of the response. Some cytotoxic samples revealed a rapid and marked response of relatively short duration, whereas others tended to produce a sustained or a long-term, intermittent inflammatory and/or necrotic response. These effects also demonstrated the suitability of 7 days as a satisfactory time period for routine evaluation of rabbit muscle reaction to implanted materials. The histopathologic evaluation of the response was compared with a gross evaluation of the implant site and an independent test of the material by tissue culture (agar-overlay method).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820070104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a toxicity evaluation program for dental materials and productsThis investigation was supported in part by Research Contract PH 43-68-1315 from the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. I. Screening for Irritant Responses (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 583-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A broad dental toxicology screening program has been initiated to develop suitable testing methods for new dental materials or products which presently are not considered as drugs. In the report presented here, 42 materials or products have been included in an acute toxicity screening program for the evaluation of irritancy properties. Depending upon the state of the material or product, one or more testing procedures were employed. These included: (1) implantation in rabbit muscle, (2) a tissue culture test, (3) an intradermal test in rabbits, (4) an eye test in rabbits, and (5) a dermal test in rabbits. With the limited number of materials or products, the most suitable method of testing solids was the implantation method and tissue culture. Tissue culture appeared to be the only useful method for powders while tissue culture and an intradermal test the most suitable method for liquids. Other materials and products will be included using these test procedures to note if one or two might eventually be selected as a preferred method of “irritancy” testing when a large number of materials or products are to be screened for a dental or medical application. The final evaluation of safety for a dental material or product must of course be based upon its intended use.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820040409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reevaluation of plastic tubings currently used in medical and paramedical applicationsPresented to Np Section, AAAS, New York Meeting, December, 1967. (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 3 (1969), S. 291-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A tissue culture test and a 7 day implantation method in rabbits were used to screen the toxic potential of 50 tubings used in one or more medical or paramedical applications. Results of the tests revealed that approximately 32% of the tubings contained one or more ingredients which, when released to cells or tissue, caused a toxic response. A similar study six years previously showed that 52% of the tubings tested had toxic potential. It is apparent that improvements have been made in the medical tubings (from point of view of safety), but steps must still be taken to reduce the potential risk to levels approaching zero.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820030209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of transforming growth factor-β growth regulatory effects and receptors on bovine mammary cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 165 (1995), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been shown to inhibit mammary morphogenesis, growth, and differentiation in murine studies. We have characterized TGF-β receptors and their autoregulation, and the growth response to TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in cultured bovine mammary epithelium (MAC-T) and fibroblasts. Affinity labelling studies revealed that fibroblast and epithelial cells contained type I, II, and III (betaglycan) receptors, with the type III receptor being the predominant binding component. On both fibroblasts and epithelial cells, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 had equal binding affinities for the type I and II receptors, but TGF-β2 had a higher affinity for the type III receptor. Also, preincubation of MAC-T cells with 50 pM TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 markedly downregulated TGF-β receptors. Proliferative response was measured using both total DNA and 3H-thymidine incorporation. Both TGF-β isoforms were effective in inhibiting proliferation of MAC-T cells and fibroblasts. Inhibition of proliferation was not altered following immortalization of fibroblasts with SV-40 Large-T-antigen (LT), even when the cells acquired a transformed phenotype. Inhibition of proliferation was not a result of cytotoxicity, as TGF-β at concentrations 1,000-fold higher than ED50 levels did not increase cell death. Moreover, the inhibition was reversible as shown by return of cellular proliferation to control levels following TGF-β removal. Although growth inhibition was not transient as culture of MAC-T cells in TGF-β resulted in sustained inhibition of proliferation for at least 144 h. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041650215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric effects in biopolymers: The theory of ionic saturation revisited (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 427-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic effects are believed to determine the molecular structure and function of macromolecules in many ways. In metallo-based enzymes and in metal-macromolecule interactions in solution, these effects may predominate. In order to tackle metal ion-nucleic acid interactions theoretically, we propose a modification of Debye's distance-dependent dielectric function first proposed more than 50 years ago. This function more closely approximates physical reality at small interatomic separations. Our theory yields a dielectric function that gives reasonable agreement with experimental data in preliminary calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360240302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of the iso-butyl radical during 1,1′-azoisobutane pyrolysis (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 10 (1978), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of the products formed in 1,1′-azoisobutane pyrolyses in the temperature range of 553°-602°K has shown that the major reactions of the iso-butyl radical are Analysis of initial rate data gave log10k4/(kc)1/2(cm-3/2.mol 1/2.sec-1/2) = 7.54±0.44 - (136.5 + 4.8) kJ/mol/2.303RT, the Arrhenius parameters obtained being in good agreement with thermodynamic data for reaction (4). Measured values of ka/(kc)1/2 where ka is the rate constant of the reaction iC4H9 + AIB → iC4H10 +. AIB were consistent with published parameters determined by photolysis of 1,1′-azoisobutane. Combination of photolysis and pyrolysis data gave log10 ka/(kc)1/2(cm3/2.mol-1/22.sec-1/2) = 3.68 ± 0.15 - (27.2 ± 1.2) kJ/mol/2.303RT. The crosscombination ratio for methyl and iso-butyl radicals has been found to be 0.25, indicating that the geometric mean rule does not hold for methyl and iso-butyl radicals.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550100107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum specimen positioning in the electron microscope using a double-tilt stage (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High-voltage electron microscopy ; Thick specimens ; Tomography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Optimal imaging of complex structures requires proper alignment relative to the optic axis of the electron microscope. This is especially important for high-voltage and intermediatevoltage microscopes, which form an in-focus image throughout the entire thickness of the object. As a result, structures at different specimen heights form overlapping and confused images that severely curtail the usefulness of these instruments.The work described here provides a generalized, flexible method for optimizing specimen orientation and eliminating or limiting image overlap by means of a commonly used double-tilt stage. Analysis of the motion about the two axes provides accurate tilting for any azimuthal direction whether or not it corresponds to a mechanical axis of the stage. An object can be positioned to minimize image overlap, to record stereopairs for any parallax axis, and to record three-dimensional data sets by the conical collection geometry.Images of muscle paracrystals are shown after tilting about an axis perpendicular to a symmetry direction. The tilted image displays higher-order symmetry, which is altered by changes of one degree. Precision double-tilting for optimizing stereopairs is shown for a desmosome recorded using different parallax axes and pretilts. A tomographic conical data-collection scheme is demonstrated by imaging a microtubule axoneme for a specific cone half-angle and arbitrary azimuthal angles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectra and structure of organogermanes: 21For paper 20 in this series, see J. R. Durig, J. F. Sullivan, A. W. Cox Jr and J. B. Turner, J. Mol. Struct. 44, 31 (1978). - Infrared and Raman spectra, and vibrational assignment of (CH3)3GeNNN and Normal coordinate calculations of (CH3)3GeNNN, (CH3)3GeNCO and (CH3)3GeNCS (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 11 (1981), S. 459-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Raman spectra of gaseous, liquid and solid trimethylgermylazide, (CH3)3GeNNN, and the infrared spectra of the gas and solid have been recorded (20-3200 cm-1). Assignment of the fundamentals, based on their depolarization values and group frequencies, is given and discussed. A normal coordinate calculation has been carried out utilizing a modified simple valence force field. The extent of vibrational coupling has been determined. It is believed that the main force constants should be transferable to other substituted trimethylgermanium compounds and, thus, transferability is demonstrated by some normal coordinate calculations for trimethylgermylisocyanate and trimethylgermylisothiocyanate. The bonding in these pseudohalogens is discussed and it is shown that the appropriate resonance structures can account for the linearity of the GeNCS moiety and the non-linearity of the GeNCO and GeNNN moieties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250110608
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