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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for insecticide resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 84-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Egg implant studies on sheep demonstrate that the relative fitness of resistance genotypes of the sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina, changes over time for the 2 insecticides dieldrin and diazinon. The results suggest that selection may occur following exposure of larvae to sub-lethal concentrations and help to explain the relative rates of the development of resistance to dieldrin and diazinon byL. cuprina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01944541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of resource utilization in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 40 (1979), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Data were collected over four vintage seasons at the “Chateau Tahbilk” winery. The distribution of adults, larvae and pupae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans was recorded over a pile of grape residues during two different stages of its decomposition. Active fermentation characterized the first of these stages, but was much less apparent in the later stage. The distribution of adults was similar for both stages. However, while larvae and pupae of both species were observed in the post fermentation residues essentially only D. melanogaster larvae and pupae were present during the fermentation stage. During this stage larvae were aggregated beneath the surface to a depth of 10 cm. Here the average temperature was about 29°C and ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were around 7% (v/v) and 3% (v/v), respectively. Laboratory results allow a description of the physiological and behavioural responses of both species to ethanol or acetic acid concentration and to temperature differences. These results appear sufficient to explain the distribution of the species between and within the residue stages. However, before general statements of resource utilization or species interaction can be made, the need to study different stages of the life cycle is highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345326
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating patterns of virgin and inseminatedDrosophila melanogaster of different alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genotypes (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1160-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Female choice mating experiments showed virgin femaleD. melanogaster of the 3Adh genotypes chose heterozygous (Adh F /Adh S ) males most commonly. Inseminated females chose mates randomly, but the likelihood of a female remating was genotypically dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976099
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol tolerance: An ecological parameter in the relative success of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans (1972)
    Springer
    Oecologia 10 (1972), S. 373-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Laboratory experiments have shown D. melanogaster adults to be more tolerant to alcohol in the environment than D. simulans, with the females being more tolerant than the males of their species. Larval development on alcohol supplemented media also demonstrated an increased tolerance by D. melanogaster although the effect was not as clear cut as for the adult survival. Oviposition choice experiments demonstrated a marked rejection of alcohol impregnated laying sites by D. simulans when compared to standard medium sites. D. melanogaster showed a slight preference for alcohol supplemented sites. Collections in the maturation cellar of a vineyard produced, with the exception of a single D. simulans fly, entirely D. melanogaster adults while larvae and pupae from the cellar were also all D. melanogaster. Away from the alcohol resource, outside the cellar, both species were collected with D. simulans being the more common. However, the outside distribution of the two species was affected by alcohol fumes during vintage, as was the distribution of the sexes of D. melanogaster, with the more tolerant species or sex being closer to the source. The field results were thus in agreement with the laboratory predictions that D. melanogaster is better able to utilize an alcohol resource than D. simulans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345738
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of vineyard populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans during vintage and non-vintage periods (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 15 (1974), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Field studies inside and outside the cellars of the “Chateau Tahbilk” vineyard have substantiated the distribution data of original collections. D. melanogaster is found inside and outside the cellars while D. simulans is only collected outside. The presence of alcohol fumes in the outside environment during vintage alters the distribution of the species, relative to non-vintage periods, with D. melanogaster being closer to the source. Mark-release-recapture experiments suggest that movement by the species towards and away from an alcohol associated resource could explain this result. That is, the behavioural patterns of the species are differentially affected by the presence of alcohol in the environment. The distribution of the sexes of D. melanogaster may depend on their relative physiological tolerance to the presence of alcohol in the environment. The excess of females in the cellar and close to the fermentation area during vintage is due to the increased mortality of males in these areas. The reason for the distribution of the sexes of D. simulans during vintage, when an excess of females is found farthest from the fermentation area, remains speculative, but may involve behavioural mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pair of closely linked genes controlling high scutellar chaeta number in Drosophila (1971)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 41 (1971), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. A line selected for high scutellar chaeta number reached a mean of about 16 chaetae in females and 13.5 in males at the 69th generation of selection following an accelerated response to selection which commenced at generation 65 and added five chaetae. 2. The accelerated response can probably be explained in terms of two recessive high chaeta number genes 1.05 cM apart, and which are located between po and vg on chromosome II. The gene closest to vg was found to be scabrous, sca, which causes rough eyes when homozygous and has a pleiotropic effect on scutellar chaeta number. The gene was found in one of the strains used in setting up the selection lines. 3. The results are discussed in relation to other theories of control of the scutellar chaeta system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279774
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for six scutellar chaetae in Drosophila melanogaster (1972)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 42 (1972), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. From a base population showing some flies with more than the normal 4 scutellar chaeta phenotype directional selection was carried out and lead to a line with many flies having 6 chaetae. 2. Selection was then practised for 6 chaetae such that the extra 2 chaetae were in the anterior left and anterior right positions on the scutellum. This lead to a line with most flies having this chaeta number and pattern, therefore showing some canalization. 3. Additive genetic activity controlling the increased chaeta number was found on all the 3 major chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306072
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of immigration on genetic control (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 49 (1977), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immigration by wild type flies into an established compound chromosome control zone was studied in the laboratory using discrete generation population cages. Immigration rates of less than 10 % per generation by virgin migrants were unlikely to disrupt the zone. However, the zone could be disrupted by immigration rates of 0.5 % if the migrants had mated. The curvilinear relationship between the number of generations to fixation of the migrant genotype and the immigration rate suggested a possible equilibrium between immigration rate and the maintenance of a control zone. -The importance of the results to the strategy of a particular control program is emphasized, as is the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary approach to insect pest management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275166
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple mating and sperm displacement in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Population genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Multiple mating ; Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mother-offspring data for alcohol dehydrogenase genotypes of a vineyard cellar population of D. melanogaster are best explained by a model that allows 21% of females in the population to mate twice with an 83% level of sperm displacement. A population model with multiple mating and sperm displacement is examined theoretically. A formula for the effective population size is derived under this model. Multiple mating increases the effective population size relative to single mating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276292
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of developmental instability and fitness: Malathion-resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina (1993)
    Springer
    Genetica 89 (1993), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: Lucilia cuprina ; malathion-resistance ; fluctuating asymmetry ; fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of resistance to malathion byLucilia cuprina initially results in an increase in fluctuating asymmetry. Resistant flies are at a selective disadvantage, relative to susceptibles, in the absence of the insecticide. A fitness/asymmetry modifier of diazinon-resistant phenotypes ameliorates these effects resulting in malathion-resistant phenotypes of relative fitness and asymmetry similar to susceptibles. For the nine genotypic combinations of the modifier and malathion-resistance alleles, developmental time increases linearly with increasing asymmetry. Percentage egg hatch decreases linearly with increasing asymmetry. The initially disruptive effect of the malathion-resistant allele was partially dominant, the effect of the modifier dominant. The results are discussed in terms of developmental perturbation, asymmetry estimation and relative fitness to consider whether it is adequate to use changes in fluctuating asymmetry alone as measures of developmental instability. It is suggested that in some circumstances antisymmetry may indicate developmental instability and that the diazinon/malathion-resistance systems inL. cuprina may allow the relative importance of genetical and/or environmental developmental perturbations to be ascertained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424506
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