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  • Springer  (291)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic interpretation of the recently extended Vostok ice records (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new ice core drilled at the Russian station of Vostok in Antarctica reached 2755 m depth in September 1993. At this depth, the glaciological time scale provides an age of 260 ky BP (±25). We refine this estimate using records of dust and deuterium in the ice and of δ18O of O2 in the entrapped air. δ18O of O2 is highly correlated with insolation over the last two climatic cycles if one assumes that the EGT chronology overestimates the increase of age with depth by 12% for ages older than 112 ky BP. This modified age-depth scale gives an age of 244 ky BP at 2755 m depth and agrees well with the age-depth scale of Walbroeck et al. (in press) derived by orbital tuning of the Vostok δD record. We discuss the temperature interpretation of this latter record accounting for the influence of the origin of the ice and using information derived from deuterium-excess data. We conclude that the warmest period of stage 7 was likely as warm as today in Antarctica. A remarkable feature of the Vostok record is the high level of similarity of proxy temperature records for the last two climatic cycles (stages 6 and 7 versus stages 1–5). This similarity has no equivalent in other paleorecords.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207935
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic interpretation of the recently extended Vostok ice records (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A new ice core drilled at the Russian station of Vostok in Antarctica reached 2755 m depth in September 1993. At this depth, the glaciological time scale provides an age of 260 ky BP (±25). We refine this estimate using records of dust and deuterium in the ice and of δ18O of O2 in the entrapped air. δ18O of O2 is highly correlated with insolation over the last two climatic cycles if one assumes that the EGT chronology overestimates the increase of age with depth by 12% for ages older than 112 ky BP. This modified age-depth scale gives an age of 244 ky BP at 2755 m depth and agrees well with the age-depth scale of Walbroeck et al. (in press) derived by orbital tuning of the Vostok δD record. We discuss the temperature interpretation of this latter record accounting for the influence of the origin of the ice and using information derived from deuterium-excess data. We conclude that the warmest period of stage 7 was likely as warm as today in Antarctica. A remarkable feature of the Vostok record is the high level of similarity of proxy temperature records for the last two climatic cycles (stages 6 and 7 versus stages 1–5). This similarity has no equivalent in other paleorecords.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050124
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biochemical and histochemical demonstration of lactase induction in fetal rat intestine by intra-amniotic injection of lactose (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 61 (1979), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single dose of 20 mg β-d-lactose injected into the amniotic sac of rats on day 17 of pregnancy induced an increase in lactase activity in fetal jejunum. This effect was first noted two days after injection and lasted for at least two additional days. Histoenzymatic investigation indicated that this enzyme was located on the surface of the absorptive cells lining the villi and thus corresponds to the “dietary” form of β-galactosidase. A much smaller increase, based presumably on progressive increase in fetal size (age), was found in control fetuses which had received glucose or no injections. Peak lactase values in fetuses receiving lactose were substantially higher than peak values in control fetuses. In both lactose-injected and non-injected rats which were allowed to deliver, there was a sharp drop in lactase values coincident with birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508446
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of the center–of–mass correction in nuclear mean–field models (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (2000), S. 467-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations – 21.30.Fe Forces in hadronic systems and effective interactions – 21.65.+f Nuclear matter – 24.10.Jv Relativistic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study the influence of the scheme for the correction for spurious center–of–mass motion on the fit of effective interactions for self–consistent nuclear mean–field calculations. We find that interactions with very simple center–of–mass correction have significantly larger surface coefficients than interactions for which the center–of–mass correction was calculated for the actual many–body state during the fit. The reason for that is that the effective interaction has to counteract the wrong trends with nucleon number of all simplified schemes for center–of–mass correction which puts a wrong trend with mass number into the effective interaction itself. The effect becomes clearly visible when looking at the deformation energy of largely deformed systems, e.g. superdeformed states or fission barriers of heavy nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear shell gaps at finite temperatures (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1999), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations – 21.60.-n Nuclear-structure models and methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Neutron–rich nuclei with a closed neutron shell represent chains of waiting–point nuclei in the astrophysical r–process. Details of their nuclear structure like separation energies, shell structure and β−–decay half–lives have a dramatic influence on element abundances calculated from r–process simulations. Actual supernova scenarios take place at finite temperature. To investigate the influence of finite temperature on binding energies and shell gaps, i.e. the second derivative of the binding energy, we calculate the shell gaps in the range of interest and slightly beyond, i.e. 0 ≤k B T≤ 0.8 MeV. Basis of the description is the self–consistent Skyrme–Hartree–Fock model and an extension of BCS pairing to finite temperature using a natural orbital representation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050330
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and Activity of Bacteria in a Deep, Aged Lake Sediment (Lake Constance) (1997)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 33 (1997), S. 69 -77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viable counts and potential activities of different bacteria were determined as a function of depth in the deep profundal sediment of Lake Constance, Germany. The sediment layer at the bottom of the lake had a total depth of about 7 m and was deposited in the time after the last ice age, i.e., over the past 13,000 years. The high clay content of the sediment prevents seepage. Below 25 cm all of the viable heterotrophic bacteria were present as heat-resistant spores. Numbers of viable spores of both aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria decreased exponentially with sediment depth and were below the detection limit (5–55 cells ml−1) at 4–6 m, i.e., in about 8,900-year-old sediment. Absence of viable heterotrophic bacteria in deeper sediment layers demonstrated that aseptic sampling conditions were achieved. The decrease of viable spores with depth may be interpreted as time-dependent death of spores resulting in a death rate of about 0.0013–0.0025 year−1. Viable units of specific metabolic groups of bacteria were detected only in the upper sediment layers (0–50 cm). Nitrifying bacteria could not be detected below 30 cm. Methane-oxidizing bacteria were present in the sediment down to 〉30 cm, but were in a dormant state. Nitrate reduction activity decreased by a factor of 6 within the upper 25 cm of the sediment, but was still detected at 50 cm. Sulfate reduction, on the other hand, could not be detected at depths of 20 cm and below. By contrast, methanogenesis and methanogenic bacteria could be detected down to 50 cm. These observations indicate that bacteria eventually become nonviable in aged sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pairing gaps from nuclear mean-field models (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (2000), S. 59-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations – 21.30.Fe Forces in hadronic systems and effective interactions – 21.60.-n Nuclear-structure models and methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We discuss the pairing gap, a measure for nuclear pairing correlations, in chains of spherical, semi-magic nuclei in the framework of self-consistent nuclear mean-field models. The equations for the conventional BCS model and the approximate projection-before-variation Lipkin-Nogami method are formulated in terms of local density functionals for the effective interaction. We calculate the Lipkin-Nogami corrections of both the mean-field energy and the pairing energy. Various definitions of the pairing gap are discussed as three-point, four-point and five-point mass-difference formulae, averaged matrix elements of the pairing potential, and single-quasiparticle energies. Experimental values for the pairing gap are compared with calculations employing both a delta pairing force and a density-dependent delta interaction in the BCS and Lipkin-Nogami model. Odd-mass nuclei are calculated in the spherical blocking approximation which neglects part of the the core polarization in the odd nucleus. We find that the five-point mass difference formula gives a very robust description of the odd-even staggering, other approximations for the gap may differ from that up to 30% for certain nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050009
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Z = 82 shell closure in neutron-deficient Pb isotopes (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2002), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses – 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations – 27.70.+q 150 ?A? 189 – 27.80.+w 190 ?A? 219
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Recent mass measurements show a substantial weakening of the binding-energy difference δ2p(Z, N) = E(Z - 2, N) - 2E(Z, N) + E(Z + 2, N) in the neutron-deficient Pb isotopes. As δ2p is often attributed to the size of the proton magic gap, it might be speculated that reduction in δ2p is related to a weakening of the spherical Z = 82 shell. We demonstrate that the observed trend is described quantitatively by self-consistent mean-field models in terms of deformed ground states of Hg and Po isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/iepja1320
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering in a nematic side-chain polymer. A proton and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 711-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words 1H and 2H nuclear magnetic resonance ; Orientational dynamics ; Side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer ; Main-chain behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this work is to study in detail the orientational structure of liquid-crystalline polymers with different molecular weight. The advantage of our approach is the use of broad-band 1H and 2H NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of the orientational order of the main-chain and mesogenic groups in conjunction with small-angle neutron scattering results. Investigations of a series of partially deuterated side-chain polymers with methoxybenzylbenzoate mesogenic groups have been carried out. The deuteration of the main chain enables separate access to order and orientation effects of the side chain and the main chain. The molecular orientation of the substances investigated can be frozen in its nematic phase below the glass-transition temperature. It is independent of the molecular weight, whereas the dynamics of the director reorientation (rotational viscosity) in the nematic phase strongly depends on the molecular weight. The main-chain deuterons provide powder spectra after orientation of the polymer in magnetic fields, indicating a very weak or lacking orientational anisotropy. A complete decoupling of the main and the side group can be deduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a RF/dc-magnetron discharge for the sputter deposition of transparent and highly conductive ITO films (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A RF-superimposed dc-magnetron sputter process for coating color filter materials with transparent and conducting ITO films was investigated. In this process, the sputtering cathode is excited simultaneously by dc- and RF-power (at 13.56 MHz). This work summarises the measured properties of the gas discharge. Some basic data of the deposited ITO films are given, also. The dependence of the RF portion of the total sputtering power on the discharge voltage has been monitored for different values of total power and process pressure. The ion energy distribution function of the positively charged ions approaching the substrate surface has been measured using a retarding field plasma analyser probe. It was shown that the mean energy of the ions increases with increasing RF portion of the total power. The electron temperature in the body region of the gas discharge has been derived from measurements of the optical emission of the excited species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051021
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