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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probabilistic verification of Boolean functions (1992)
    Springer
    Formal methods in system design 1 (1992), S. 61-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8102
    Keywords: probabilistic verification ; Boolean functions ; algebraic transforms ; seminumeric decision diagrams ; orthogonal partitioning ; decomposed representation ; function representation ; BDDs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a novel method for verifying the equivalence of two Boolean functions. Each function is hashed to an integer code by assigning random integer values to the input variables and evaluating an integer-valued transformation of the original function. The hash codes for two equivalent functions are always equal. Thus the equivalence of two functions can be verified with a very low probability of error, which arises from unlikely “collisions” between inequivalent functions. An upper bound, ∈, on the probability of error is known a priori. The bound can be decreased exponentially by making multiple runs. Results indicate significant time and space advantages for this method over techniques that represent each function as a single OBDD. Some functions known to require space (and time) exponential in the number of input variables for these techniques require only polynomial resources using our method. Experimental results indicate that probabilistic verification can provide an attractive alternative for verifying functions too large to be handled using these OBDD-based techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464357
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-VIS, NIR, IR, and EPR spectra of connellite (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 20 (1990), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01181681
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High activity and stability of the Rh‐free Co‐based ex‐hydrotalcite containing Pd in the catalytic decomposition of N2O (1999)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 60 (1999), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: N2O decomposition ; calcined HTlc's ; cobalt spinel ; palladium ; rhodium ; lanthanum ; magnesium aluminate ; Mg stabilization ; SO2 poisoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide to nitrogen and oxygen has been studied over calcined hydrotalcite‐like compounds containing different combinations of bivalent (Co, Pd, Mg) and trivalent (Al, La, Rh) cations with carbonate as interlayer anion. The precursors were prepared by co‐precipitation under low supersaturation conditions and characterized by XRD and TG/DSC. The mixed oxides derived after calcination at 723 K were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption at 77 K, and XRF. The presence of Rh, La, or Pd in the Co‐based HTlc's improves considerably the catalytic activity. Co–Rh,Al‐HTlc (Co/Rh/Al==3/0.02/1) proved to be a very active catalyst, although the presence of the noble metal Pd in this catalyst ex‐Co,Pd–La,Al‐HT (Co/Pd/La/Al=3/1/1/1) produces a similar catalytic activity to that of Rh‐containing catalyst, both in a N2O‐containing stream and in one containing also SO2 and O2, but with a better performance in stability tests. PdO phase has been identified by XRD as being responsible for the considerable improvement in the activity. The presence of Mg as spinel structure exerts a stabilizing effect in the more active catalysts when mixtures of SO2 and O2 are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019011124950
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdependence between The Netherlands and Germany: Forecasting with VAR models (1993)
    Springer
    De economist 141 (1993), S. 43-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary The German economy is usually assumed to take a leading position. In principle this gives smaller countries, which are dependent on Germany, the opportunity to predict their own economic future conditional on the state of the German economy. This paper uses this opportunity for The Netherlands by applying a Vector Auto Regressive model on Dutch and German series. Because the traditional VAR models appear to be overparameterized, their forecast performance can be improved significantly by using shrinkage estimators based on the so-called Minnesota prior. Such a Bayesian VAR forecasts well and confirms the interdependence between Germany and The Netherlands. Variance decomposition of forecast errors and impulse response simulations strengthen the impression that the BVAR model properties are plausible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01144777
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Einfluß von Zahn- und Jochsättigung auf die Harmonischen des Luftspaltfeldes (1998)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 81 (1998), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The spectrum of the magnetic field in the air gap of induction motors is influenced by the level of saturation of the magnetic circuit. This report deals with the effects of saturation, which are significantly different in case of yoke respectively teeth saturation. The research is done by means of numerical field calculations of a simplified model. The results are compared with a commonly used analytical approach. Beside of the reduction of the fundamental field the effects of saturation on the third and fifth space-harmonics are found to be most important. The effect on the slot harmonics is proved to be negligible for the model presented.
    Notes: Übersicht Das Spektrum des Luftspaltfelds ändert sich unter dem Einfluß der Sättigung der Eisenbereiche. Anhand numerischer Feldberechnungen wird gezeigt, daβ zwischen der Sättigung im Zahn- und Jochbereich der Maschine prinzipielle Unterschiede bestehen und welchen Einfluß sie auf das Luftspaltfeld haben. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen stehen niederpolige Luftspaltfelder, der Einfluß der Sättigung auf nutharmonische Felder wird nur schlaglichtartig behandelt. Durch Verwendung bezogener Größen wird eine Übertragbarkeit der numerisch gewonnenen Ergebnisse angestrebt. Diese werden darüber hinaus mit den Ergebnissen eines verbreiteten analytischen Verfahrens verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002020050035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Einfluß von Zahn- und Jochsättigung auf die Harmonischen des Luftspaltfeldes (1998)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 81 (1998), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The spectrum of the magnetic field in the air gap of induction motors is influenced by the level of saturation of the magnetic circuit. This report deals with the effects of saturation, which are significantly different in case of yoke respectively teeth saturation. The research is done by means of numerical field calculations of a simplified model. The results are compared with a commonly used analytical approach. Beside of the reduction of the fundamental field the effects of saturation on the third and fifth space-harmonics are found to be most important. The effect on the slot harmonics is proved to be negligible for the model presented.
    Notes: Übersicht Das Spektrum des Luftspaltfelds ändert sich unter dem Einfluß der Sättigung der Eisenbereiche. Anhand numerischer Feldberechnungen wird gezeigt, daß zwischen der Sättigung im Zahn- und Jochbereich der Maschine prinzipielle Unterschiede bestehen und welchen Einfluß sie auf das Luftspaltfeld haben. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen stehen niederpolige Luftspaltfelder, der Einfluß der Sättigung auf nutharmonische Felder wird nur schlaglichtartig behandelt. Durch Verwendung bezogener Größen wird eine Übertragbarkeit der numerisch gewonnenen Ergebnisse angestrebt. Diese werden darüber hinaus mit den Ergebnissen eines verbreiteten analytischen Verfahrens verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Well-identifiable human chromosomes Isolated from mitotic fibroblasts by a new method (1982)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 61 (1982), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metaphase chromosomes isolated from human fibroblasts by lysis of mitotic cells in the presence of the intercalating DNA-specific fluorochrome propidium iodide appear relatively long, even after exposure to vinblastine sulfate overnight. Therefore, they can be easily banded and thereby unequivocally identified. Chromosomes isolated in this way may be employed in flow analysis and sorting without loosing the inducibility of their band patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line sorting of human chromosomes by centromeric index, and identification of sorted populations by GTG-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 85 (1990), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using slit-scan flow cytometry, the shape of human metaphase chromosomes, as expressed in their centromeric index (CI), and the DNA content of the chromosomes have been used as parameters in bivariate flow karyotyping. The resolution of the DNA vs CI flow karyogram of the larger chromosomes up to chromosome 13 is much higher than the resolution obtained in the DNA-based monovariate flow karyogram. Chromosome length appears to be an important factor in the resolution of the DNA vs CI-based flow karyogram. A method has been developed to obtain chromosomes in suspension that are long enough for adequate analysis. Several chromosomes that cannot be distinguished or are difficult to discriminate in the DNA-based karyogram can now be distinguished as individual peaks, e.g., chromosomes 1 and 2. The peak of chromosomes 9–12 can be separated into two peaks formed by chromosomes 9 and 11, and 10 and 12, respectively. The advantage of the system applied in this study is that the DNA vs CI analysis is performed on-line, allowing chromosomes to be sorted on the bases of their CI. Pulse shapes of the selected chromosomes can be recorded simultaneously with the transmission of the sorting command. The purity of the sorted fraction can be estimated from the offline inspection of these pulse shapes. Fractions of chromosome 1 have been sorted out on the basis of the CI information, centrifuged on slides, fixed and subsequently banded with trypsin and Giemsa or hybridized with the chromosome 1 specific probe, pUC 1.77. The observed purity under the selected conditions ranges from 80%–99% and is in accordance with the estimates of the purities made on the basis of the simultaneously recorded pulse shapes. Fixation of the chromosome suspension prior to flow cytometric analysis and sorting appears to be essential for the preservation of their morphology and has no adverse influence on the resolution of Giemsa banding or on the quality of in situ hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of DNA probes with tight linkage to the cystic fibrosis locus by in situ hybridization using fibroblasts with a 7q22 deletion (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 80 (1988), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five DNA probes known to originate from the region 7q22-q31 were sublocalized by in situ hybridization to metaphase preparations of fibroblasts having besides a normal chromosome 7, a homologue 7 with an apparent interstitial deletion of a large part of band q22. A flow cytometric chromosome analysis confirmed a loss of material from one of the homologues of chromosome 7. Four of the probes, B79a, 7C22,metH, and pJ3.11, have been shown to be closely linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus. We localized probes B79a and 7C22 to the part of 7q22 involved in the deletion, whereasmetH and pJ3.11 could be assigned to band 7q31. Probe pJu28, for which polymorphisms have not yet been described, also appeared to derive from the latter band. Since pJ3.11 andmetH are most tightly linked to the CF locus, this disease locus is indirectly assigned to 7q31. A comparison of our findings with linkage data suggests a discrepancy between genetic and physical distances in the region 7q22-q31.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702861
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified approach for fault simulation of linear mixed-signal circuits (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 9 (1996), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: testing ; mixed-signal ; fault simulation ; arithmetic distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The rapidly evolving role of analog signal processing has spawned off a variety of mixed-signal circuit applications. The integration of the analog and digital circuits has created a lot of concerns in testing these devices. This paper presents an efficient unified fault simulation platform for mixed-signal circuits while accounting for the imprecision in analog signals. While the classical stuck-at fault model is used for the digital part, faults in the analog circuit cover catastrophic as well as parametric defects in the passive and active components. A unified framework is achieved by combining a discretized representation of the analog circuit with the Z-domain representation of the digital part. Due to the imprecise nature of analog signals, an arithmetic distance based fault detection criterion and a statistical measure of digital fault coverage are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137563
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