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  • Friction  (1)
  • Keywords: Chlorella protothecoides; heterotrophic culture; lutein production; unstructured kinetic model  (1)
  • Springer  (2)
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  • Springer  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic model for lutein production by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic culture (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Chlorella protothecoides; heterotrophic culture; lutein production; unstructured kinetic model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Production of lutein by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides grown heterotrophically in a fermentor using glucose as the carbon source and urea as the nitrogen source was investigated. An unstructured kinetic model was proposed to describe the microalgal culture system including cell growth, lutein formation, as well as glucose and nitrogen consumption. The inhibition potentials of biomass, product and substrates on growth and lutein formation were examined and incorporated into the kinetic model. Values of the kinetic model parameters were estimated. The resulting model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. The model can be helpful in scale-up, optimization and control of the C. protothecoides culture process, and can also be used as a guideline for similar microalgal cultivation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900760
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instability on a weakening fault (1984)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 122 (1984), S. 478-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Instability ; Fault ; Stick-slip ; Stress ; Friction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Weakening of a prestressed sawcut in Westerly granite under laboratory condition is accomplished by injecting pressurized fluid into the sawcut. After injection a sequence of stick-slips is observed while the deviatoric stress decreases successively with each stick-slip. On the basis of the experimental observation we develop a model of fault instability due to inhomogeneous and progressive weakening of the fault. According to this model, the fault surface is divided into the ‘slipped’ and the ‘locked’ regions, depending on whether or not the local state of stress satisfies the friction criterion. The average shear stress in the slipped region decreases with time and, in order to maintain a quasi-static equilibrium, shear stress in the remaining ‘locked’ region on the fault surface increases. This situation may last until a critical state of stress on the fault is met, at which a sudden instability (stick0slip) may occur. We suggest that this mechanism of stress transfer may be a viable mechanism of induced seismicity and aftershocks, in addition to the well-known mechanism of a local increase of pore pressure. By comparing the experimental data with model predictions we show that the critical condition for slip instability is when the average shear stress over the ‘locked’ region becomes equal to the value given by the friction criterion. Thus the friction criterion established for slip on fractures on which the state of stress is macroscopically uniform may also be applicable to fractures on which the stress state is macroscopically heterogeneous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874613
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