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  • 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane  (3)
  • Springer  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 363-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anal-gland compounds ; 2-propylthietane ; 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane ; stoat ; vole ; red fox urine ; feces ; 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline ; crop protection ; feeding suppression ; orchard ; interspecific communication ; kairomones ; predator odors ; Microtus spp. ; Vulpes vulpes ; mustelids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and fecal and urine compounds from the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in generating an avoidance response by montane voles (Microtus montanus), as well as suppressing feeding by montane and meadow (M. pennsylvanicus) voles on apple trees in orchards. In trap bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane significantly reduced vole captures. Other mixtures of stoat compounds reduced the number of new voles captured but not total individuals. 2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces, significantly reduced vole captures in one of two bioassays. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not show a negative response to any predator odor. In overwinter field bioassays, mixtures of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane clearly reduced vole feeding on apple trees in four test blocks. 2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline and a synthetic fox urine mixture also significantly reduced vole attack in respective orchard blocks. Similarly, the intensity of vole feeding, in terms of amount of bark and vascular tissues removed from trees, was reduced by 60% to 97% in predator odor treatments compared with the control. Our study reports the first long-term (four to five months) use of synthetic semiochemicals as area repellents for crop protection from vole feeding damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022552
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) to an operational application of synthetic semiochemicals of stoat (Mustela erminea) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 941-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pocket gopher ; avoidance response ; mustelids ; 2-propylthietane ; 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane ; 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane ; anal-gland compounds ; operational application ; Thomomys talpoides ; Mustela spp. ; controlled-release devices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on laboratory bioassays and a large-scale field trial of synthetic mustelid anal-gland compounds in controlled-release devices designed for operational application to burrow systems of northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). The field study was conducted in an apple orchard in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. In laboratory bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane from the ferret (M. putorius), dispensed in clay pellets (activated alumina), produced a significant avoidance response by gophers. All resident gophers were permanently removed from 4-ha control and treatment blocks prior to placement of stoat odor in burrows. As indexed by soil mounds, significantly fewer gophers colonized the treatment (40) than the control (68) removal area during a 5.5-month overwinter experiment. There was also a significant difference when comparing the number of mounds between pre-(79) and posttreatment (40) censuses. In addition, most gopher activity tended to occur on the perimeter of the treatment block. Abundance of gophers showed little difference between additional 4-ha control and treatment blocks where gophers had not been removed. The results of this study provide an alternative technique to toxicants for pocket gopher control on forest and agricultural land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of release devices for stoat (Mustela ermined) semiochemicals used as montane vole (Microtus montanus) repellents (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 951-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Montane vole ; stoat ; release devices ; 2-propylthietane ; 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane ; crop protection ; feeding suppression ; rubber septa ; capillary tubes ; plastic rope ; clay pellets ; Microtus montanus ; Mustela erminea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fenced enclosures were used to simulate peak populations of montane voles (Microtus montanus) for field bioassays of a stoat (Mustela erminea) scent mixture in various controlled-release devices. A 1∶ 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane was dispensed in capillary tubes, clay pellets (activated alumina), rubber septa, and plastic rope. Release devices were placed near, or attached to, young apple trees planted in blocks in two enclosures containing high populations of voles. The stoat scent mixture in rubber septa and plastic rope significantly reduced vole attack of trees compared with a control, pellets, and capillary tubes. In terms of complete girdling (tree mortality), this odor in septa and rope also significantly reduced feeding compared with the control, and the rubber septa formulation was more effective than either the pellets or capillary tubes. Fenced populations of voles may be used effectively to conduct field bioassays during low years in vole cycles. Variations of release devices (with this stoat scent mixture) based on rubber septa for broadcast application to depress vole population density and survival, and plastic rope attached to individual trees to generate an avoidance response, should be used for forest and agricultural crop protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016503
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