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  • PeerJ  (2)
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  • 1
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    The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan ‘Chirodipterus’ australis (2018)
    PeerJ
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-06
    Description: One of the first endocasts of a dipnoan (lungfish) to be realised was that of the Upper Devonian taxon Chirodipterus australis. This early interpretation was based on observations of the shape of the cranial cavity alone and was not based on a natural cast or ‘steinkern’ nor from serial sectioning. The validity of this reconstruction is therefore questionable and continued reference to and use of this interpretation in analyses of sarcopterygian cranial evolution runs the risk of propagation of error. Here we present a new detailed anatomical description of the endocast of ‘Chirodipterus’ australis from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia, known for exceptional 3D preservation which enables fine-scale scrutiny of endocranial anatomy. We show that it exhibits a suite of characters more typical of Lower and Middle Devonian dipnoan taxa. Notably, the small utricular recess is unexpected for a taxon of this age, whereas the ventral expansion of the telencephalon is more typical of more derived taxa. The presence of such ’primitive’ characters in ‘C.’ australis supports its relatively basal position as demonstrated in the most recent phylogenies of Devonian Dipnoi.
    Electronic ISSN: 2167-8359
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by PeerJ
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  • 2
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    The cranial endocast ofDipnorhynchus sussmilchi(Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) and the interrelationships of stem-group lungfishes (2016)
    PeerJ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-20
    Description: The first virtual cranial endocast of a lungfish from the Early Devonian,Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi, is described.Dipnorhynchus,only the fourth Devonian lungfish for which a near complete cranial endocast is known, is a key taxon for clarifying primitive character states within the group. A ventrally-expanded telencephalic cavity is present in the endocast ofDipnorhynchusdemonstrating that this is the primitive state for “true” Dipnoi.Dipnorhynchusalso possesses a utricular recess differentiated from the sacculolagenar pouch like that seen in stratigraphically younger lungfish (Dipterus, Chirodipterus, Rhinodipterus), but absent from the dipnomorphYoungolepis. We do not find separate pineal and para-pineal canals in contrast to a reconstruction from previous authors. We conduct the first phylogenetic analysis of Dipnoi based purely on endocast characters, which supports a basal placement ofDipnorhynchuswithin the dipnoan stem group, in agreement with recent analyses. Our analysis demonstrates the value of endocast characters for inferring phylogenetic relationships.
    Electronic ISSN: 2167-8359
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by PeerJ
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    PAPER CURRENT
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