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  • 1
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    Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO3 on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: A surface-modified nanoscale carbon black (MCB) as Ni adsorbent in contaminated soil was prepared by oxidizing the carbon black with 65% HNO3. The surface properties of the adsorbent were characterized by zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs). Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the improvement of Ni2+ adsorption by MCB. Greenhouse cultivation experiments were conducted to examine the effect of MCB on the DTPA-extractable Ni2+ in soil, Ni2+ uptake of ryegrass shoot, and growth of ryegrass. Results indicated that MCB had much lower negative zeta potential, more functional groups for exchange and complexation of cation, and more heterogeneous pores and cavities for the adsorption of cation than the unmodified parent one (CB). MCB showed enhanced sorption capacity for Ni (, 49.02 mg·g−1) compared with CB (, 39.22 mg·g−1). Greenhouse cultivation experiment results showed that the biomass of ryegrass shoot and the Ni uptake of the ryegrass shoot were significantly increased and the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Ni in soil were significantly decreased with the increasing of MCB amount. It is clear from this work that the MCB had good adsorption properties for the Ni and could be applied in the in situ immobilization and remediation of heavy metal contaminated saline-alkali soils.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Recent Advances in Design and Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-5877
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Study on Engineering Design and Cost Performance of Borehole Heat Exchangers (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-19
    Description: The ground source heat pump (GSHP) is an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technology, and the investigations on the simulation models of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) have made progress. However, the researches on engineering design and economic performance based on the simulation models of BHE are a few. This paper firstly describes the interior and exterior heat transfer according to the existing achievements, and the corresponding characteristics of models are explained. Afterwards, the detailed design procedures of BHE size are provided and the cost performance is highlighted. Accordingly, an actual engineering project which employs GSHP system as the air conditioning system is researched; the necessary expenses on BHE, heat pump units, and indoor end equipment are all taken into account. The initial investment, operating cost, and other factors that exert influences on the cost performance are demonstrated. In addition, comparisons between different systems are conducted to show the advantages of GSHP. By means of thermal transfer analysis and the design of engineering project, the practicability, energy saving, and environmental protection of GSHP are brought into play, which means the promotion of this technology is the general trend of development of air condition system.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    A major, intraplate, normal-faulting earthquake: the 1739 Yinchuan event in northern China (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: A large continental normal-faulting earthquake occurred in the Yinchuan Graben in northern China on 3rd January 1739. This event is of significant interest for two reasons. Firstly, it has been suggested on the basis of historical records of shaking that this was a magnitude 8.0 event. If this is true, the 1739 earthquake would be one of the largest continental normal-faulting earthquakes ever recorded and this should prompt us to consider the factors contributing to its unusual size. Secondly, there has been some debate in the literature about the causative structure, with at least three different faults posited as the seismogenic source. We use five 14 C ages to date a series of scarps on the East Helanshan Fault, which lies to the west of the graben, and bracket the scarp formation to the last 350 years. We use high-resolution, stereo imagery from the Pleiades satellites to build a 1 to 2 m resolution DEM of the fault and combine this with field observations to map the East Helanshan rupture in detail. We then construct a throw distribution, determine the slip vector azimuth and re-assess the earthquake magnitude using simple scaling relationships. We conclude that the 1739 earthquake occurred on the East Helanshan Fault, had a rupture length of approximately 87 km, a maximum throw of 5.1 m and an average throw of 3.0 m, yielding a best estimate magnitude in the range M w  7.1 to M w  7.6. We suggest that the previous magnitude estimates are biased by enhanced shaking of the sediments within the Yinchuan Graben.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Oxidation Behavior of SiC Platelet-Reinforced ZrB2 Ceramic Matrix Composites (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) ceramic matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide platelets (SiC pl ) were prepared by hot pressing. Five groups of specimens were prepared, in which the contents of SiC platelets were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 vol%, respectively. The oxidation behaviors of specimens at different temperatures from 800° to 1600°C for 1 h and at 1200°C for different times from 0.5 to 4 h were investigated. With the increase of SiC pl content, the mass gain exhibited a decreasing trend. Oxidation thermodynamics and kinetics of the SiC pl /ZrB 2 composites were discussed. A characteristic structure of hollow quadrangular prismy ZrO 2 crystal emerged on the sample surface after oxidation was found and the possible formation mechanism was also presented. The surface element analysis indicated that the main products of oxidation were m -ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , and borosilicate (aluminosilicate).
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Four New Alkaloids from the Fermentation Broth of Armillaria mellea (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-19
    Description: Four compounds with similar structures and UV spectra were isolated from the fermentation broth of Armillaria mellea by means of preparative HPLC. Their structures were established as methyl (2 S )-1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate ( 1 ), (2 S )-1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid ( 2 ), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one ( 3 ) and 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]piperidin-2-one ( 4 ) on the basis of their 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HR-MS data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Additionally, four known compounds, 5 – 8 , were also isolated.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Cloud Particles Differential Evolution Algorithm: A Novel Optimization Method for Global Numerical Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-07
    Description: We propose a new optimization algorithm inspired by the formation and change of the cloud in nature, referred to as Cloud Particles Differential Evolution (CPDE) algorithm. The cloud is assumed to have three states in the proposed algorithm. Gaseous state represents the global exploration. Liquid state represents the intermediate process from the global exploration to the local exploitation. Solid state represents the local exploitation. The best solution found so far acts as a nucleus. In gaseous state, the nucleus leads the population to explore by condensation operation. In liquid state, cloud particles carry out macrolocal exploitation by liquefaction operation. A new mutation strategy called cloud differential mutation is introduced in order to solve a problem that the misleading effect of a nucleus may cause the premature convergence. In solid state, cloud particles carry out microlocal exploitation by solidification operation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated upon different benchmark problems. The results have been compared with eight well-known optimization algorithms. The statistical analysis on performance evaluation of the different algorithms on 10 benchmark functions and CEC2013 problems indicates that CPDE attains good performance.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    The Burgers Equation for a New Continuum Model with Consideration of Driver’s Forecast Effect (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: A new continuum model with consideration of driver’s forecast effect is obtained to study the density wave problem and the stop-and-go phenomena. The stability condition of the new model is derived by using linear analysis. The triangular shock wave, one type of density wave, which is determined by Burgers equation in the stable region, is discussed in great detail with reductive perturbation method. The local cluster appears when we perform the numerical simulations for the new model. It also proves that the driver’s forecast effect has the positive effect of reducing the local cluster.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Anthracene and Anthraquinone Derivatives from the Stem Bark of Juglans mandshuricaMaxim. (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: One new anthracene derivative, juglanthracenoside A ( 1 ), two new anthraquinones, juglanthraquinone A ( 2 ) and juglanthraquinone B ( 3 ), along with a new naturally occurring anthraquinone, 9,10-dihydro-4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid ( 4 ), have been isolated from the stem bark of Juglans mandshurica. Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison of the NMR data with those of related compounds. Compound 1 displayed noticeable antioxidant activity in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical-scavenging assays, while compound 4 showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2, SGC7901, HCT-8, and A549 cell lines in vitro.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Tracking Air-to-Air Missile Using Proportional Navigation Model with Genetic Algorithm Particle Filter (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-21
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to track the air-to-air missile. Here we put forward the PN-GAPF (Proportional Navigation motion model and Genetic Algorithm Particle Filter) method to solve the problem. The main jobs we have done can be listed as follows: firstly, we establish the missile state space model named as the Proportional Navigation (PN) motion model to simulate the real motion of the air-to-air missile; secondly, the PN-EKF and PN-PF methods are proposed to track the missile, through combining PN motion model with EKF and PF; thirdly, in order to solve the particle degeneracy and diversity loss, we introduce the intercross and variation in GA to the particles resampling step and then the PN-GAPF method is put forward. The simulation results show that the PN motion model is better than the CV and CA motion models for tracking the air-to-air missile and that the PN-GAPF method is more efficient than the PN-EKF and PN-PF.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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