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  • Springer  (58)
  • Geological Society of America  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tocainide in patients with severe renal failure (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tocainide ; renal failure ; pharmacokinetics ; oral dosing ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma levels of tocainide have been followed after oral administration of 600 mg p.o. to 20 patients with renal failure due to various causes, and to 8 healthy controls. The peak plasma concentrations in the patients with pyelonephritis (3.80 µg/ml) and interstitial nephritis (3.74 µg/ml) but not in those with glomerulonephritis (3.17 µg/ml) differed from that in healthy volunteers (3.24 µg/ml). The renal clearance of tocainide was well correlated with the endogenous creatinine clearance and was dependent on urine pH. No difference in renal clearance was observed between the patients groups. It is suggested that the changes in plasma levels are a consequence of decreased renal clearance. Creatinine clearance was shown to be a poor estimator of tocainide clearance, which suggests that extrarenal clearance plays an important role in the handling of the drug in the body. The findings are used to suggest a safe dosage regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607912
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of disopyramide in normal volunteers using unbound concentration (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: disopyramide ; bioavailability ; saturable binding ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of disopyramide were determined in 10 healthy volunteers after a 300 mg oral dose and again after a 2mg/kg i.v. dose. The unbound clearance was 599 ml/min and the unbound renal clearance 310 ml/min. The terminal elimination rate constant of unbound drug was 0.180 h−1 after the i.v. dose and 0.203 h−1 after the oral dose. The absorption rate constant was 0.53−1 and the maximum peak concentration occurred after 3.2 h. The bioavailability was 0.809 using the area under the unbound plasma concentration time curve. Although a saturable plasma protein binding was found in all subjects the bioavailability using the total concentration, in contrast to theoretical expectations, showed the same value (0.813) as the unbound concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456000
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does alpha1-acid glycoprotein reduce the unbound metabolic clearance of disopyramide in patients with renal impairment? (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: disopyramide ; alpha1-acid glycoprotein ; renal dysfunction ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of disopyramide was studied in 15 patients with renal dysfunction (4 with pyelonephritis, 7 with glomerular nephritis and 4 with interstitial nephritis). The elimination rate constant of unbound disopyramide was 0.094 h−1 and CLu/f (unbound clearance divided by bioavailability) was 245 ml/min. Both the unbound renal clearance (CLR) and CLu/f were highly correlated with the creatinine clearance (CLCR). The apparent unbound metabolic clearance in the patients was approximately two-fold lower than that previously reported in normal subjects. The estimated unbound metabolic clearance in the renal dysfunction patients showed a significant negative correlation with the α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentration and only a weak, non-significant correlation with CLCR. As AAG in the renal dysfunction subjects was increased in comparison with normal values, it is possible that AAG is a factor in the decrease in the apparent unbound metabolic clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558271
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of flecainide in patients with mild and moderate renal failure compared with patients with normal renal function (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 711-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: flecainide ; pharmacokinetics ; moderate renal failure ; variability of elimination half-time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of flecainide after the oral administration of 100 mg to 8 patients without renal impairment and 8 patients with mild to moderate renal failure. Both groups gave comparable results with respect to the peak plasma concentrations and the time to peak. There was a significant correlation between renal flecainide clearance and endogenous creatinine clearance. The elimination half-time in the patients with impaired renal function was significantly longer (19.9, SD 9.9 h) than that in the patients with normal renal function (11.5, SD 4.2 h), but the variability in the elimination half-time in renal failure could not be explained on the basis of the available results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541300
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) on Si(111)-(7×7) (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 1021-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.35.Bs; 68.35.Dv; 82.65.My
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 formation by chemical vapor deposition, on Si(111)-(7×7). Annealing after predominantly dissociative adsorption at room temperature, where triethoxysiloxane and ethyl groups are the main adsorbate species, leads to further decomposition with various products evolving, including diethoxysiloxane and further ethyl groups. This goes along with structural changes on the (7×7) reconstructed surface. A characteristic new structural element, with a maximum on interstitial sites, is interpreted as the very beginning of surface oxide formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of magnetic splitting in XPS MnL-spectra of Co MnSn and Pd MnSn Heusler alloys (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.20.Be Transition metals and alloys - 75.20.Hr Local moments in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The XPS MnL-spectra of Co2MnSn, a nearly half-metallic ferromagnet (HMF) and Pd2MnSn were investigated. The most drastical feature of the spectra observed is the well-defined magnetic splitting of the Mn 2p 3/2 , 2p 1/2 lines. This gives direct evidence of the existence of well-defined local magnetic moments in Heusler alloys in comparison with other itinerant-electron ferromagnets. The calculations of Mn2p XPS spectra of these materials were carried out using a fully relativistic generalization of the one-step model of photoemission and show excellent agreement with experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dichroism in angular resolved VUV-photoemission from the (0001) surfaces of thin Gd and Nd films epitaxially grown on W(110) (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 11 (1999), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra - 78.66.-w Optical properties of specific thin films, surfaces, and low-dimensional structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present investigations of the electronic and magnetic structure of the Rare Earth valence states. In particular, we have examined ultra thin films of the rare earth metals gadolinium and neodymium epitaxially grown on tungsten (110). Various experiments on dichroism in angular resolved photoemission have been performed using circularly as well as linearly polarised light in the VUV-range with photon energies below 40 eV. A special emphasis was placed on the investigation of the surface state, which was observed for both Gd and Nd. A very small magnetic splitting of about 25 meV was observed for the surface state of ferromagnetic Gd. A magnetic ordering of a Nd-monolayer on a remanently magnetised Fe-film is observed. Large dichroism effects are found for the surface state as well as the valence bands of paramagnetic Nd. In the latter case, these are used to determine the dispersion of the valence bands. Different numerical approaches are presented, one based on atomic photoionisation theory, another is based on a one-step model of solid state photoemission. Atomic photoionisation theory is used together with three-step calculations to explain the non-magnetic circular dichroism observed in the Gd 4f emission. The capability of dichroism experiments for resolving details of the electronic structure and for sensitive tests of photoemission calculations is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beobachtungen zur Selbstzerkleinerung von Kupfersulfat-Pentahydrat-Kristallen bei der stufenweisen Entwässerung (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 483-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A ‘self -disintegration’ of crystals of coppersulfate-pentahydrate during transition in the consequent phase has been proved. In the course of this reaction no variations of the outer dimensions of the crystals could be observed. The total surface area, measured by means of nitrogen adsorption, increases approximately linear in time; this seems to be correct in both cases $$\begin{gathered} P \to T \hfill \\ T \to M \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (shortenings see text) The correlation between the reaction rate (taken from weighing-curves) and the total surface area has still to be explained. The diffraction pattern of the first decomposition product ‘trihydrate’ at the surface of pentahydrate-crystals include reflexes (X-ray method) of pentahydrate, trihydrate and probably monohydrate.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die „Selbstzerkleinerung” von Kupfersulfatpentahydratkristallen während des Übergangs in die Folgephase wurde mikroskopisch nachgewiesen. Dabei tritt keine Änderung der Abmessungen des Ausgangskristalls ein. Die Gesamtoberfläche, ermittelt mit der Stickstoffadsorptionsmethode, steigt mit der Reaktionszeit annähernd linear an. Dies gilt auch für den Übergang des Trihydrats zum Monohydrat. Die aus Wägekurven entnommenen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitswerte nehmen mit der Gesamtoberfläche einen Verlauf, dessen Deutung noch aussteht. Das Beugungsdiagramm des ersten Abbauprodukts „Trihydrat”, an der Pentahydratkristall-Oberfläche enthält Beugungslinien (röntgenographisch ermittelt) des Pentahydrats, des Trihydrats und wahrscheinlich des Monohydrats. Die bei verschiedenen Temperaturen röntgenographisch gewonnenen Abbaukurven der (110)-Ebene des Pentahydrats zeigen einen Anstieg der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit um mehr als eine Zehnerpotenz im Bereich einer Rotationsumwandlung des Kristallwassers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404155
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The three-particle ladder approximation as a new approach towards a general theory of electron-correlation effects inCVV Auger-electron and appearance-potential spectroscopy (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 95 (1994), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 71.10.+x ; 71.28.+d ; 79.20.Fv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Due to their sensitivity to electron-correlation effects,CVV Auger-electron (AES) and appearance-potential spectroscopy (APS) can provide useful information on the electronic structure of solids. Correlations among the valence-band electrons (VV correlations) as well as correlations between the valence-band and the core electrons (CV correlations) are responsible for a variety of effects. StrongVV correlations are well known to give rise to sharp satellites in the spectra, which are related to localized two-hole (electron) final states. On the other hand, the screening of the core-hole potential in the initial state for AES, the sudden response of the valence-band electrons after the destruction of the core hole, and, for APS, the scattering of the valence-band electrons at the core hole are all consequences ofCV correlations. Up to now, however, little is known about the combined influence of both types of correlations on the spectra. We present a new theoretical approach that refers to the general case of a model system with arbitrary band-filling and arbitrary strengths ofVV as well asCV correlations. Remaining restrictions and simplifications concerning the degeneracy of the valence band, the transition matrix elements, etc. can be improved systematically. Of course, this generality can only be achieved at the expense of inevitable approximations in the theoretical formulation. The AES and APS intensities are given by properly defined three-particle Green functions, which are determined by use of a diagrammatic vertex-correction method that is based on the three-particle ladder approximation, which is the main idea of our approach. It is a direct generalization of the two-particle ladder approximation, which in the past has been applied for the calculation of two-particle Green functions that are related to the AES and APS intensities, ifCV correlations can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312194
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing in forced convection flows inside ducts: A review (1997)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 32 (1997), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des Gefrierens in durchströmten Kanälen. Der Schwerpunkt wird auf die grundsätzlichen Aspekte gelegt, die sowohl bei den beobachteten Gefriervorgängen selbst, als auch bei deren analytischer oder numerischer Modellierung von Bedeutung sind. Der Artikel befaßt sich mit Gefriervorgängen in Rohren, zwischen parallelen Platten, gekrümmten, rechteckigen Kanälen und divergenten, rechteckigen Kanälen. Darüberhinaus werden einige aktuelle Ergebnisse beim Erstarren von Wasser in Kanalströmungen aus den laufenden Forschungsarbeiten in Darmstadt vorgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The present work gives an overview about the recent developments in research on freezing phenomena in forced convection flows inside ducts. Emphasis is given to the fundamental aspects of the phenomena observed in the solidification processes as well as on the analytical and numerical modelling aspects for this kind of problems. The paper deals with solidification problems inside tubes, parallel plate channels, curved rectangular channels and in diverging rectangular channels. Additionally, some new experimental and numerical results on solidification in duct flows are shown from the current research program in Darmstadt on freezing phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050131
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