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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Explosive volcanism ; Magmatic ; Phreatomagmatic ; Crater Hill ; Basalt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A series of alternating phreatomagmatic ("wet") and magmatic ("dry") basaltic pyroclastic deposits forming the Crater Hill tuff ring in New Zealand contains one unit (M1) which can only be interpreted as the products of mixing of ejecta from simultaneous wet and dry explosions at different portions of a multiple vent system. The principal characteristics of M1 are (a) rapid lateral changes in the thicknesses of, and proportions in juvenile components in individual beds, and (b) wide ranges of juvenile clast densities in every sample. M1 appears to have been associated with an elongate source of highly variable and fluctuating magma : water ratios and magma discharge rates. This contrasts with the only other documented mixed (wet and dry) basaltic pyroclastic deposits where mixing from two point sources of quite different but stable character has been inferred.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 69 (1979), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Minor trachyte and dacite temporally associated with, but spatially separated from, arc-trench type volcanoes in Papua New Guinea have distinctive REE abundances similar to experimentally produced and theoretically predicted partial melts of eclogite. However, modelling based on small amounts of equilibrium partial melting indicates that only fractionation involving a garnet-dominated residuum can account for the observed REE patterns if the source rock was subducted oceanic basalt. If the source was geochemically evolved, other mineral phases (e.g., amphibole) are possible in the residuum, and there is no necessity to postulate that the downgoing slab was the source for these magmas. The REE fractionated trachytes and dacites appear to be a part of the nearby late Cenozoic volcanic provinces, and possibly represent minor partial melts which only in unusual tectonic situations arrive unmodified at the Earth's surface.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 68 (1979), S. 285-291 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Although remnants of a Permian volcanic arc in the South Island of New Zealand have hitherto been considered to comprise a single volcanostratigraphic unit, recent work in the southern part of the arc has revealed the presence of two lithologically distinct terranes, only one of which is definitely Permian in age. Major and trace element analyses of representative specimens show that these terranes are geochemically distinct. Comparison with modern volcanic arcs indicates that this ancient arc in the South Island was a paired arc system made up of primitive island arc tholeiites to the east and more evolved andesitic rocks to the west.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 81 (1982), S. 148-155 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Integration of petrographic and geochemical data on each island in the Banks Group, northern Vanuatu (New Hebrides) has revealed a decrease in K2O (and related incompatible elements) across the islands, away from the New Hebrides trench. The correlation with depth to the Benioff zone is therefore the reverse of that typically found in island arcs. REE evidence and source modelling indicates that this variation represents a progressive depletion in LREE/HREE in the upper mantle, laterally away from the trench and a progressive increase in partial melting of the source, in the same direction. These variations in chemistry are attributed to an earlier west-dipping Miocene subduction system, and the variation in degree of partial melting to the location of the islands with respect to the active back-arc basin. An enrichment of the upper mantle in the Miocene is ascribed to the ascent of hydrous fluids enriched in incompatible elements, from the west-dipping Benioff zone, and subsequent reaction with the overlying upper mantle. The model thus envisages approximately contemporaneous development of the Central Chain volcanoes and the backarc basin in the late Pliocene, with partial melting of hydrous, laterally zoned upper mantle resulting from the convective thermal regime associated with the rifting apart of the back-arc basin. The role of the present subduction regime in magma generation is considered to be very limited.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 50 (1988), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Rumble seamounts are major Quaternary submarine volcanoes which lie at the southern end of the Tonga-Kermadec island arc. Rocks dredged from three of the volcanoes are olivine and pyroxene phyric basalts and highly por-phyritic plagioclase-rich basaltic andesites. Plagioclase phenocrysts display patterns of iron enrichment similar to those observed in rocks from other parts of the arc. Systematic major and trace element variations indicate that the specimens constitute a closely related suite of low-K arc-type rocks showing characteristic depletion in some large ion lithophile elements. They are closely comparable to basaltic rocks of the Kermadec Islands and their genesis may be linked to the currently active subduction system beneath the arc.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden Sr, Nd und Pb Isotopendaten transitionaler Basalt-peralkalischer Rhyolithabfolgen und räumlich mit diesen assoziierter kalkalkalischer Rhyolithe der D' Entrecasteaux Inseln im östlichen Papua Neuguinea vorgestellt. Beide Abfolgen zeigen für konvergiernde Plattenränder typische geochemische Signaturen (z.B. hohe Zr/Nb, La/Nb und niedrige Ta/Yb Verhältnisse im Vergleich mit OIB). Die transitionale Basalt-peralkalische Rhyolithabfolge und die kalkalkalischen Rhyolithe zeigen eine geringe Variation in ihren206Pb/204Pb (18.522–18.661),207/204Pb (15.543–15.631) und208Pb/204Pb (38.31–38.63) Verhältnissen, die mit denen von Vulkaniten aus Tonga, Fiji und den pazifischen MOR-Basalten und Sedimenten übereinstimmen. Die transitionale Basalt-peralkalische Rhyolithabfolge zeigt weiters eine geringe Variationsbreite der143Nd/144Nd Verhältnisse (0.513053–0.512984), aber eine größere Streuung der87Sr/86Sr Verhältnisse (0.703989–0.70585). Letztere reflektiern die Unsicherheiten der Alterseinstufung der Proben mit sehr hohen87Rb/86Sr Verhältnissen und die Effekte des Sr-Austausches mit Meerwasser. Die87Sr/86Sr Verhältnisse kalkalkalischer Rhyolithe variieren im Vergleich dazu gerigfügiger (0.703864–0.704028). Isotopen und Spurenelementdaten sind mit der Interpretation, daß die kalkalkalischen Rhyolithe durch partielle Anatexis junger Inselbogen-Protkruste entstanden sind, kompatibel. Die mit ihnen vergesellschafteten basischen bis intermediären klakalkalischen Magmen entstammen einer abgereicherten Mantelquelle, die zuvor durch Subduktionsprozesse entlang des Trobriandgrabens modifiziert wurde. Die transitionale Basalt-peralkalische Rhyolithabfolge entstand durch extensive magmatische Differentiation eines transitionalen basaltischen Stammagmas in einer relativ seicht liegenden Magmenkammer. Das Stammagma wurde durch partielle Aufschmelzung entweder eines abgereicherten MORB-Mantels oder einer weniger stark abgereicherten OIBQuelle, die zuvor durch Subduktionsprozesse modifiziert wurde, gebildet. Die Hyund O1-normativen transitionalen Basaltmagmen wurden wahrscheinlich im Zuge der Ausdünnung von Lithosphäre unter etwas höheren Drucken gebildet als die Quarznormativen kalkalkaischen Magmen. Die enge räumliche und zeitliche Beziehung der transitionalen Basalt-peralkalischen Rhyolithabfolge mit kalkalkalischen Vulkaniten spiegelt die komplexen und dynamischen geotektonischen Vorgänge im östlichen Papua Neuguinea wieder. Der Wechsel von kalkalkalischem zu alkalischem Magmatismus könnte durch die Umstellung von Kompressions- auf Extensionstektonik, die mit der Verlagerung des westlich gelegenen Woodlark Spreadingzenrums in das östliche Papua Neugiunea in Beziehung gebracht wird, erklärt werden.
    Notes: Summary Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data are presented for a transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite, and spatially associated calc-alkaline rhyolites from the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, eastern Papua New Guinea. Both suites have a typical convergent margin geochemical signature (i.e. high Zr/Nb, La/Nb, and low Ta/Yb compared with OIB). The transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite and calc-alkaline rhyolites have a restricted range of206Pb/204Pb (18.522–18.661),207Pb/204Pb (15.543–15.631), and208Pb/204Pb (38.31–38.63) values which overlap the fields of volcanics from Tonga, Fiji, and Pacific MORB and sediments. The transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite also displays a restricted range of143Nd/144Nd values (0.513053–0.512984), but a much broader range of87Sr/86Sr (0.703989–0.70585) values. The latter reflects uncertainties in the ages of samples with very high87Rb/86Sr values and the effects of Sr exchange with seawater. The calc-alkaline rhyolites have consistently lower143Nd/144Nd values (0.512923—0.512867), and a more restricted range of87Sr/86Sr values (0.703864–0.704028) compared with the transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite. The isotopic and trace element data are consistent with the interpretation that the calc-alkaline rhyolites were produced by partial melting of a young arc protocrust, whereas associated calc-alkaline basic and intermediate magmas were derived from a depleted mantle source which previously had been modified by subduction along the Trobriand Trough. The transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite was produced by extensive magmatic differentiation of a parental transitional basalt magma in a relatively shallow magma chamber. The parent magma was produced by partial melting of either a depleted MORB-source mantle or a less-depleted OIB-type source which previously had been modified by subduction processes. The hy- and ol-normative transitional basalt magmas were probably generated in response to lithospheric thinning at somewhat higher pressures than qz-normative calc-alkaline magmas. The close spatial and temporal relationship between the transitional basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite and the tale-alkaline volcanics reflects the complex and dynamic tectonic setting of eastern Papua and the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. In particular, the change from calc-alkaline to alkaline magmatism appears to have occurred following a change from compressional to extensional tectonics resulting from the westward propogation of the Woodlark spreading ridge into eastern Papua.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1874-8961
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-8953
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-10-05
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1979-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1982-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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