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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 7 (1972), S. 314-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mount Gunson-Kupferlagerstätten finden sich in im wesentlichen nicht metamorphisierten, schwach gefalteten ober-proterozoischen Sedimenten, weit entfernt von irgendwelchen bekannten Intrusiven. Sie bestehen aus einer Reihe kleiner Erzkörper, die sich auf Grund ihrer Unterschiede in bezug auf ihren Fundort, ihr Gefüge und ihre Mineralogie in zwei Gruppen unterteilen lassen. Diese beiden Gruppen werden hier als “Off-Lagoon”-Lagerstätten, die weitgehend oxidiert sind und in niedrigen Hügeln westlich von der Pernatty Lagoon vorkommen, beziehungsweise als “Lagoon”-Lagerstätten, die nicht significant oxidiert sind und in Becken permeablen Gesteins unter dem Lagunenboden gefunden werden, bezeichnet. Die Topographie und die Abflußverhältnisse scheinen sich in dieser Region seit dem Tertiär nur wenig verändert zu haben. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Ergebnisse einer Analyse der Schwefelisotopen-Verhältnisse von Sulfiden, Grundwasser- und Gips-Proben aus den mineralisierten Bereichen. Die für die Lagunen-Sulfide registrierten Isotopenverhältnisse sind ein Beispiel der für die Metallsulfid-Ausfällung auf Grund von bakterieller Sulfatzufuhr zu erwartenden Verteilung. Dieser Befund stimmt mit der Vorstellung, daß die Kupfersulfide während rezenter geologischer Zeiten in Grundwasserspeichern innerhalb des permeablen Gesteins unter der Lagune ausgefällt worden sind, überein. Die Sulfate aus dem Grundwasser und Gips der Lagune sind jedoch nicht mit dem Isotop S34 angereichert, woraus der Schluß gezogen wird, daß in den untersuchten Gebieten gegenwärtig keine wesentliche bakterielle Reduktion von Sulfaten stattfindet. Im Gegensatz dazu fallen die für die Off-Lagoon-Lagerstätten-Sulfide registrierten Isotopen-Verhältnisse in einen engeren Streuungsbereich. Sie können als Darstellung von Metall-Sulfid-Ausfällung durch bakterielle Reduktion von Sulfaten in einem ziemlich offenen System mit erheblichem Sulfat-Nachschub gedeutet werden, geben aber keine Auskunft über den Zeitpunkt dieser Präzipitation. Mineralogische Untersuchungen der Sulfid-Proben zeigen, daß die einzelnen Proben eine Mischung von Sulfid-Mineralien enthalten und daß gewöhnlich ein Mineral überwiegt. In Proben, die sowohl Kupferkies als auch Djurleit enthalten, scheint S34 vorzugsweise im Kupferkies angereichert zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract The Mount Gunson copper deposits occur in essentially unmetamorphosed gently-folded Upper Proterozoic sediments, far from any known igneous intrusions. They consist of a number of small ore bodies which can be divided into two groups on the basis of differences in location, texture and mineralogy. The groups are here termed the off-lagoon deposits, which are extensively oxidized and occur in low hills to the west of Pernatty Lagoon, and the lagoon deposits, which are not significantly oxidized and occur in basins of permeable bedrock under the lagoon floor. The topography and drainage of this region appear to have altered little since the Tertiary. This paper presents the results of a sulphur isotope ratio study of sulphide minerals, groundwaters and gypsum samples from the mineralized areas. The isotope ratios recorded for the lagoon sulphides provide an example of the pattern predicted for metal sulphide precipitation due to bacterial reduction of sulphate in an environment with limited replenishment of sulphate. This finding is in accord with the suggestion that the copper sulphides were precipitated during recent geological times in groundwater traps in the permeable bedrock under the lagoon. However, sulphate from groundwater and gypsum in the lagoon is not enriched in the S34 isotope, and hence it is concluded that no significant bacterial reduction of sulphate is occurring in the areas examined at the present time. The isotope ratios recorded for the off-lagoon sulphides, in contrast, fall in a narrower range. They can be interpreted to reflect metal sulphide precipitation by bacterial reduction of sulphate in a fairly open system, with considerable replenishment of sulphate, but they provide no information concerning the time of this precipitation. Mineralogical studies of the sulphide samples show that individual samples contain a mixture of sulphide minerals and that one mineral is usually dominant. It appears, for samples with co-existing chalcopyrite and djurleite, that S34 is preferentially enriched in the chalcopyrite.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 68 (1977), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die seit mehr als 70 Jahren bekannte Elektrogravimetrie mit einer einfachen drahtförmigen Elektrode wurde wegen der langen Abscheidungszeit, umständlicher Handhabung, manchmal geringer Genauigkeit und ähnlicher Umstände in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Nun wurde eine einfache Elektrolysezelle mit einer rasch rotierenden Helix-Kathode hergestellt, die auch einfach zu handhaben ist. Diese nur aus eineni 0,05 cm starken, 10–15 cm langen Platindraht bestehende Kathode ist auch leicht erScizbar. Umstände, die die Genauigkeit und Geschwindigkeit der Kupferabscheidung nach dem Verfahren von Milner und Whittem beeinflussen, wurden untersucht. Dieses Verfahren wurde soweit verbessert, daß 3–10 mg Kupfer in etwa 90 min zu 99,5% bestimmt werden können. Ähnliche Ergebnisse erhält man auch bei der Bestimmung des Kupfergehaltes in Bronze-Standardproben. Nach der Abscheidung des Kupfers wurde die Elektrolyse fortgeScizt, um Zinn und Blei zu bestimmen. Hierbei wurden 97,4±0,8% wiedergefunden.
    Notes: Summary Electrogravimetry with a simple wire cathode dates back more than 70 years. Work may have been discouraged by factors such as long deposition times, difficult technique and, sometimes, low precision. A simple cell that employs a rapidly-rotating helical cathode has now been designed. Easily constructed, the system is comparatively easy to use. The cathode, merely a 10–15-cm length of 0,05-cm platinum wire, is easily replaceable if damaged or lost. Factors that affect precision, accuracy, and speed of copper deposition by the Milner-Whittem procedure have been studied. An adaption of this procedure has been found to permit the recovery of 99.5% of 3–10 mg of copper in approximately 90 min. Similar results were obtained for copper in standard samples of bronze. After the copper deposition, electrolysis was continued to determine tin plus lead. Here the recovery was 97.4+0.8%.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory experiment suitable for second- or higher-year chemistry students uses thymol blue, an organic dye, for investigating the fraction of each colored species present as a function of pH. Visible color changes in the vivid, highly absorbing dye permit students to “see” relative amounts of acid, base, and ampholyte species during the titration, while potentiometric measurement of pH and spectroscopic determination of concentrations permit quantitation of the species present. A standard Beer’s law calibration curve is constructed for known concentrations of the pure forms of each species at a pH where that species is present as nearly 100% of the total analytical concentration of the dye. Using the molar absorptivities of the three species computed from the calibration curves, simultaneous determination of concentration by species is performed on a set of solutions having constant total concentration of dye such that each solution represents one point in the range pH 0 to pH 13. A mathematical software application is used to solve the simultaneous equations and determine the fraction of each species present. Students then use a spreadsheet application to plot the fractions as functions of pH (the alpha functions). The significance of the isosbestic points in the spectra is also explored.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 62 (1982), S. 162-163 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Detection of the ESD*5 gene products was simplified by the use of isoelectric focusing (IEF). Gene frequencies for ESD*5 in whites, blacks and Amerindians from the State of Minnesota were 0.019, 0.002 and 0.000, respectively. The gene frequencies observed in the white data set were similar to those reported for European whites.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 323 (1986), S. 173-175 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 300 (2000), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubule inhibitors CI-980 Mitosis Multinucleation Apoptosis Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. CI-980 is an antimicrotubule agent that binds the colchicine site on tubulin. We examined CI-980 cytotoxicity in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and A427. Depolymerization of microtubules following CI-980 treatment resulted in a mitotic arrest in the A549 population, but not in the A427 population. Similar responses were obtained following treatment with Taxol and nocodazole. Drug-treated A427 cells exited mitosis, generating a population dominated by multinucleated cells, while both multinucleated and apoptotic cells were present in the A549 population after extended drug treatment. CI-980-induced microtubule depolymerization was only partially reversible. However, regrowth of some microtubules in mitotic A549 cells following drug washout resulted in multinucleation of the population in the absence of apoptosis. These results show that A427 cells have a defective spindle assembly checkpoint. Levels of the MAD2 and BUB1 checkpoint proteins were similar in both A549 and A427 cells, suggesting that the checkpoint defect in the A427 cells is downstream of these proteins. In addition, induction of apoptosis in response to CI-980 correlates with the presence of a functional mitotic checkpoint and the extent of microtubule depolymerization.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 8 (1990), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: tiazofurin ; IMP dehydrogenase ; phase I trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tiazofurin, an investigational antimetabolite, is undergoing clinical evaluation in leukemia. We analyzed the data base of 198 patients entered in Phase I trials to characterize the incidence and severity of toxicities associated with tiazofurin according to dose and schedule. Severe myelosuppression occurred infrequently, and was not dose-dependent. A five day bolus schedule had a higher incidence of severe or life-threatening neutropenia than other schedules. Tiazofurin produced lymphopenia which was not dose-dependent in the range of 23–36% decrease from baseline, and the effect on lymphocyte count was generally greater than the decline in neutrophil count. Non-hematologic toxicity of a moderate or worse severity (≥ grade 2) included nausea and vomiting (18% of all courses), serum transaminase elevations (SGOT, 16%; SGPT, 9%), rash (9%), stomatitis (3%), conjunctivitis (3%), headache (10%), other signs of central nervous system toxicity (8%), and cardiac toxicity, primarily pleuropericarditis (4%). Dose-related cutaneous toxicity, headache, and nausea and vomiting were evident in the five day bolus schedule, and myalgia was more frequently reported at higher doses on the single dose schedule. The five day continuous infusion (CI) schedule had a higher incidence of neurotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, SGPT elevations and ocular toxicity than the daily for five days bolus schedule, but none of these differences attained statistical significance. Although the peak plasma concentrations of tiazofurin achieved with the five day bolus schedule were 3-fold higher than the steady-state plasma levels seen with an equal dose given by CI, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was approximately 1.6-fold higher with CI. These observations suggest that both high peak plasma concentrations (above 400 uM) and prolonged exposure to plasma levels exceeding 50 uM may result in a higher incidence of serious non-hematologic toxicity.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Unionicola formosa? ; Unionicola foili ; water mites ; host specificity ; reproductive isolation ; geographic distribution ; sibling species.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host specificity and population genetic structure of the symbiotic water mites Unionicola foili from the host mussel Utterbackia imbecillis and Unionicola formosa from the mussels Pyganodon cataracta, Pyganodon grandis and Anodonta suborbiculata were examined over a broad geographical scale in order to determine the extent to which specialization by these water mites is structured geographically. The behavioural responses of U. foili and U. formosa were highly host-species specific, with adults of both species exhibiting negative phototaxis in the presence of a chemical factor from the species of mussel with which the mites had been associated in the field. The photobehaviour of these water mites in the presence of water from a non-host mussel varied depending on the species in question. Although U. foili from U. imbecillis exhibited negative phototaxis in water modified by A. suborbiculata, mites from this latter host did not exhibit a directional response in U. imbecillis water. Unionicola foili and U. formosa from A. suborbiculata were positively phototactic when they were exposed to water modified by either species of Pyganodon. The photoresponse of U. formosa from P. cataracta and P. grandis was positive in the presence of water modified by U. imbecillis and A. suborbiculta. However, these mussel-mites showed no directional response in water modified by their alternate species of Pyganodon. Unionicola foili and the host-associated populations of U. formosa were examined for allozyme variation at eight loci to determine the pattern and degree of genetic variation. There was a high degree of genetic differentiation when mite populations from the two species of Pyganodon were compared with U. foili or U. formosa from A. suborbiculata. These populational groupings were fixed for different alleles at two enzyme loci. The results of this study indicate that populations of U. formosa from P. cataracta and P. grandis are reproductively isolated from U. foili from U. imbecillis and from U. formosa from A. suborbiculata and contend that host specificity is an important mechanism in restricting gene flow among these populational groupings. Furthermore, this study indicates that specialization among unionicolid water mites can vary geographically, owing to differences in geographic distribution of available hosts and differences in host use. Exp Appl Acarol 22: 683697 © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Body size plays an important role in the outcome of aggressive encounters between males of the symbiotic freshwater miteUnionicola formosa. Since intruding males displace resident males as often as resident males successfully defend their territory (mantle cavity of a mussel), resident males do not hold a competitive advantage during male-male aggressive encounters. Larger male size probably enhances a male's success when competing for receptive females.
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