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  • 1
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    Fascicle nutrient and biomass responses of young loblolly pine to control of woody and herbaceous competitors (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Description: Individual fascicle mass and foliar nutrient content and concentration of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated on 13 locations of a regionwide competition study in the southeastern United States. The study included a factorial combination of two levels of herbaceous weed control treatment (none, treated) and two levels of woody treatment (none, treated) following site preparation. At pine age 2 years, herbaceous treatment (HT) and woody treatment (WT) had a positive effect on individual fascicle biomass and content of N, P, and K at nearly all and at least half of the locations, respectively. In general, these effects mirrored responses noted for seedling diameter and height. N concentration increased and P concentration decreased at about half of the locations, while Ca and Mg concentrations decreased on nearly all locations with HT. By age 6 years, effects of HT and WT on fascicle mass and nutrient concentrations and contents became neutral or more neutral across the locations. This is attributed in part to the greater nutrient demand of larger crop pines and associated competition components. A notable exception from neutral effects at age 6, typically occurring on sites with high levels of woody vegetation, was the positive response in K concentration or content and negative response in Ca and Mg concentrations with WT.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    Structure of mixed pine and hardwood stands 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation in the Georgia Piedmont (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1996-08-01
    Description: In the Georgia Piedmont (U.S.A.), size, abundance, and species diversity of trees were quantified in a plantation of Pinustaeda L. 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation. In clear-cut only versus site-prepared plots, greater hardwood abundance (27% vs. 8% of the total basal area) and size (8.6 vs. 7.4 m in height) were associated with reduced pine volume (73 vs. 123 m3/ha) and increased Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Tree-species richness was greater in plots where residual trees from clear-cutting had been removed with a chainsaw versus large machinery (10 vs. 7 species). With increasing site-preparation intensity, reductions in basal area of volunteer pines coincided with proportionate increases (R2 = 0.80) in basal area of planted pines. As a result of this compensatory effect, total volume of all pines varied little (122–134 m3/ha) among site-preparation intensities. Research results suggest that site-preparation treatments can be selected to facilitate the development of a variety of stand structures, including those that favor evenness (clear-cut only) or richness (manual cutting) of tree species, low-cost production of pine fiber (manual cutting), and stand uniformity for management of pine sawtimber (mechanical and herbicide).
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
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    Floristic diversity, stand structure, and composition 11 years after herbicide site preparation (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Description: This study tested for effects of site preparation herbicides applied at high labeled rates 11 years earlier on plant species richness, diversity, and stand structure and composition. Four study sites in three physiographic provinces were established in central Georgia in 1984. Six herbicide treatments were included on each site: hexazinone liquid, hexazinone pellets, glyphosate, triclopyr, picloram, and a mixture of dicamba and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Herbicide and untreated plots were prescribed-burned and planted to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Eleven years after treatment, 177 total species were identified in these dense pine plantations; 99 species were forbs and grasses-grasslikes. Treated and check plots did not differ in species richness or diversity. Structurally, the total basal area of the tree canopy was not significantly altered, but the proportion of pine to hardwoods and shrub stem density were influenced by treatment. Latent effects were detected in the abundance and frequency of Pinus taeda, Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus stellata Wangenh., Diospyros virginiana L., Vaccinium stamineum L., Vitis rotundifolia Michx., and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Most are potential mast producers for wildlife. Herbicide site preparation had little influence on total species numbers or their diversity 11 years after treatment but affected composition by altering perennial species abundance.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Oxygen measurements in the root zone facilitated by TDR (2000)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2000-02-01
    Description: Deleterious soil structural conditions, as from compaction, can reduce plant growth and yields by reducing aeration and oxygen in the rooting environment. Using a double-membrane oxygen cathode in each of four corn plots, we measured soil oxygen concentrations in duplicate at depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm during the growing season. In addition, temperature, water content and bulk density determinations allowed the monitoring of O2 concentration trends under no-till and conventional-till corn management. Carbon dioxide flux from the soil surface was measured weekly. Temporal patterns of O2 levels fluctuated in response to rainfall at all depths but much less so at 30-cm depth. At 30 cm the O2 concentration remained inadequate for optimum plant growth (
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) to identify relationships between soil and corn (Zea mays L.) production properties (2005)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-01
    Description: Over-application of agricultural fertilizers can contribute to degradation of surface water quality. Factors governing crop establishment and yield must be identified in order to efficiently manage N application rates in corn (Zea mays L.) production systems. Spatial data sets of corn establishment and grain yields, and soil physical and chemical parameters were obtained for two corn production systems on a poorly drained clay loam soil in eastern Ontario, Canada, during low yielding conditions in 2000. The multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) automated regression data mining method was used to determine the dominant factors affecting both crop establishment and yield from these data sets. The analysis using MARS suggests that soil water content and cone penetration resistance are more important than elevation and spring mineral soil N (NH4+ + NO3−) in predicting crop establishment and grain yield. The MARS approach proved to be a useful method for identifying relationships between potential yield-governing variables. It also helped elucidate potential cause and effect processes, and in so doing, helped identify areas within the field where soil physical parameters may have been more important than nutrients in governing corn yield. Key words: Mulitvariate adaptive regression splines, corn yield, cone penetration resistance, soil water content, soil N, topography
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Understory vegetation, resource availability, and litterfall responses to pine thinning and woody vegetation control in longleaf pine plantations (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Description: In six 8- to 11-year-old plantations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) near Aiken, S.C., responses of understory vegetation, light, and soil water availability and litterfall were studied in relation to pine thinning (May 1994), herbicidal treatment of nonpine woody vegetation (1995-1996), or the combined treatments (treatment responses described below are in absolute units). Treatment differences in fifth-year (1998) herbaceous species density were as follows: pine thinning 〉 woody control = combined treatments 〉 untreated (33, 30, 30, and 25 species per 40 m2, respectively). Forb and grass covers were 13 and 8% greater, respectively, after pine thinning and 7 and 9% greater after woody control. Pine thinning stimulated a large increase in third-year gap fraction (0.26), short-term increases in soil water content (1%), and a reduction in pine litterfall by half (-120 g·m-2 per year). Woody control had no effect on gap fraction, decreased litterfall of nonpine woody vegetation (-32 g·m-2 per year), and stimulated season-long increases in soil water content (1-2%). The ranking of factors affecting herbaceous vegetation responses was as follows: light 〉 soil water 〉 herbicides 〉 litterfall. Herbaceous species density and cover can be promoted in longleaf pine plantations by intensive thinning of pines and herbicidal control of non-pine woody vegetation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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