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  • 1
    Call number: 9/S 90.0095(401)
    In: Special paper
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a key contribution to anyone interested in the Near East and its changing environments, climate change, natural hazards and lacustrine processes, salt diapirs, and age dating. It presents new data and syntheses by active researchers of the Dead Sea basin, one of the most historically, geologically and hydrologically interesting lake basins in the world. The Dead Sea holds a few records: its shores are at the lowest elevation on the continents and its water is among the most saline and dense in the world. It is a place where humans have interacted with harsh environments and rough landscapes for a very long time; this extremely arid lake basin is a challenge to modern societies. Some chapters cover natural hazards such as earthquakes and collapse sinkholes, floods, and flood-producing storms; others contribute to understanding the scarce water resources of surface and ground water in the area. Shore and lake depositional processes, the evolution of the lake water, and age dating methods also are presented and are used in reconstructing the lake levels and the Near East climate change in historical and prehistorical times. The interaction of people and their use of the shores and the fascination nineteenth century travelers had with the lake are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 253 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0813724015 , 978-0-8137-2401-0
    Series Statement: Special paper / Geological Society of America (GSA) 401
    Classification:
    Paleontology
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: Heavy precipitation events (HPEs) can lead to natural hazards (e.g. floods and debris flows) and contribute to water resources. Spatiotemporal rainfall patterns govern the hydrological, geomorphological, and societal effects of HPEs. Thus, a correct characterisation and prediction of rainfall patterns is crucial for coping with these events. Information from rain gauges is generally limited due to the sparseness of the networks, especially in the presence of sharp climatic gradients. Forecasting HPEs depends on the ability of weather models to generate credible rainfall patterns. This paper characterises rainfall patterns during HPEs based on high-resolution weather radar data and evaluates the performance of a high-resolution, convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating these patterns. We identified 41 HPEs in the eastern Mediterranean from a 24-year radar record using local thresholds based on quantiles for different durations, classified these events into two synoptic systems, and ran model simulations for them. For most durations, HPEs near the coastline were characterised by the highest rain intensities; however, for short durations, the highest rain intensities were found for the inland desert. During the rainy season, the rain field's centre of mass progresses from the sea inland. Rainfall during HPEs is highly localised in both space (less than a 10 km decorrelation distance) and time (less than 5 min). WRF model simulations were accurate in generating the structure and location of the rain fields in 39 out of 41 HPEs. However, they showed a positive bias relative to the radar estimates and exhibited errors in the spatial location of the heaviest precipitation. Our results indicate that convection-permitting model outputs can provide reliable climatological analyses of heavy precipitation patterns; conversely, flood forecasting requires the use of ensemble simulations to overcome the spatial location errors.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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