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  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (8)
  • Springer  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting symptom production by latent Botrytis cinerea in Primula×polyantha (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Latent infection by Botrytis cinerea was frequently detected in young Primula×polyantha (horticultural hybrid polyanthus) plants. Genetically marked isolates were used to demonstrate that conidial inocula applied to young plants generally did not result in disease appearing on the leaves until plants flowered, regardless of when plants were inoculated. The severity of disease was proportional to the length of each day spent at 100% relative humidity during the latent period, regardless of time or form of inoculum. Plants with a prior B. cinerea infection were more susceptible to further infection and also showed symptoms of B. cinerea infection more quickly. Bacteria found to be associated with B. cinerea increased the likelihood of B. cinerea symptoms being seen on the plant, but did not directly assist infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00761.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dose and mobility on the strength of selection for DMI fungicide resistance in inoculated field experiments (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 49 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Plots of spring wheat cv. Baldus were inoculated at GS 13 with four Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates, two relatively susceptible and two relatively resistant to DMI fungicides. Changes in the ratio of relatively susceptible to resistant types following fungicide or water sprays were measured. Three fungicides were compared: flutriafol, which is very mobile within leaves, fluquinconazole, which is less so, and prochloraz, which is almost immobile. All are inhibitors of sterol demethylation. In 1996, fungicide-treated plots were sprayed once with half the recommended dose at GS 39–47. In 1997, three doses were used: one-quarter and one-eighth of the recommended dose and a dual application of two one-eighth recommended doses, a week apart. Isolates were classified using a discriminating dose assay and the ratio of relatively susceptible to relatively resistant isolates in each field plot before and after fungicide application calculated. In both years, the numbers of relatively susceptible and relatively resistant isolates were equal just before fungicide application. All fungicides caused significant selection towards resistance, but the strength of selection varied with fungicide, dose and position in the crop canopy. Fluquinconazole selected most strongly and gave the best control of disease. Interactions between fungicide and dose were not significant. Selection was equally strong all along leaves sprayed with prochloraz, but increased smoothly from base to tip of leaves sprayed with fluquinconazole or flutriafol. Averaged over fungicides, reducing the dose of a single fungicide application from one-quarter to one-eighth slightly reduced selection towards resistance on both leaf layers. The dual one-eighth dose caused twice the change of the single one-eighth dose on the flag leaf, but was similar to a single spray on leaf 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00486.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantial reductions in winter wheat diseases caused by addition of straw but not manure to soil (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 49 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Over a period of 3 years, five agronomically distinct crops of winter wheat were grown in plots in which straw (1 kg m−2), manure (4 kg m−2) or nothing were incorporated into the soil. Plant establishment and height, but not leaf area per tiller, were lower in straw-treated plots. Fertilizer regimes differed between years. Soil and leaf nitrogen were recorded; there was no obvious link between N and any disease or soil amendment. The numbers of leaf layers scorable for disease were similar in all treatments. At the end of the season, plants from straw-treated plots had consistently reduced septoria tritici blotch (caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola), powdery mildew [caused by Erysiphe (Blumeria) graminis], brown rust (caused by Puccinia recondita) and foot rot (caused by Fusarium spp.). Early on, M. graminicola was worse in straw-treated plots. In manure-treated plots, P. recondita was reduced but effects on other diseases were inconsistent and slight. A fungicide, chlorothalonil, was applied in one crop; its effects did not interact with those of other treatments. Mycosphaerella graminicola was not suppressed by straw in outdoor pot experiments. Late in the season, straw-treated plants had significantly higher leaf silica (P 〈 0·01). In a glasshouse experiment, plants supplied with silicon had less E. graminis infection (P 〈 0·001) and higher leaf silica, but effects on M. graminicola were inconsistent. A prior inoculation of M. graminicola primed plant defences against a subsequent attack of E. graminis, but only in the presence of adequate Si. It is postulated that straw acts in the field by increasing Si availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00497.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weak selection by field sprays for flutriafol resistance in Septoria tritici (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Change in sensitivity of populations of Septoria tritici resulting from single sprays of the sterol demethylation-inhibiting fungicide flutriafol was measured. Field trials were conducted over 3 years at two sites separated by about 15 km, on cvs Mercia and Riband at each site, in plots at least 10 × 12 m. Treatments included the full recommended rate and a reduced dose of flutriafol and a mixture of flutriafol with chlorothalanil. Sprays were applied at GS37; samples were taken just before spraying and as soon as lesions appeared on leaf 2, which had had no visible disease at the time of spraying. Epidemiological evidence suggests that sprays acted both curatively and as protectants. Significant shifts in sensitivity occurred after spraying in both water-sprayed and fungicide-sprayed plots; all plots became less sensitive. Disease severity after spraying clearly decreased with increasing fungicide concentration and with the use of a mixture of flutriafol and chorothalanil. However, after correction for the shifts in the water-sprayed plots, no dose produced a significant change in population sensitivity level, although sample sizes were large. There was no trend in sensitivity in the population over the 3 years of the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-227.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of straw and silicon soil amendments on some foliar and stem-base diseases in pot-grown winter wheat (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four foliar and two stem-base pathogens were inoculated onto wheat plants grown in different substrates in pot experiments. Soils from four different UK locations were each treated in three ways: (i) straw incorporated in the field at 10 t ha−1 several months previously; (ii) silicon fertilization at 100 mg L−1 during the experiment; and (iii) no amendments. A sand and vermiculite mix was used with and without silicon amendment. The silicon treatment increased plant silica concentrations in all experiments, but incorporating straw was not associated with raised plant silica concentrations. Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita were inoculated by shaking infected plants over the test plants, followed by suitable humid periods. The silicon treatment reduced powdery mildew (B. graminis) substantially in sand and vermiculite and in two of the soils, but there were no effects on the slight infection by brown rust (P. recondita). Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola were inoculated as conidial suspensions. Leaf spot caused by P. nodorum was reduced in silicon-amended sand and vermiculite; soil was not tested. Symptoms of septoria leaf blotch caused by M. graminicola were reduced by silicon amendment in a severely infected sand and vermiculite experiment but not in soil or a slightly infected sand and vermiculite experiment. Oculimacula yallundae (eyespot) and Fusarium culmorum (brown foot rot) were inoculated as agar plugs on the stem base. Severity of O. yallundae was reduced by silicon amendment of two of the soils but not sand and vermiculite; brown foot rot symptoms caused by F. culmorum were unaffected by silicon amendment. The straw treatment reduced severity of powdery mildew but did not detectably affect the other pathogens. Both straw and silicon treatments appeared to increase plant resistance to all diseases only under high disease pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01102.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and transmission of Piper yellow mottle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus infecting black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Sri Lanka (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sri Lankan black pepper with symptoms of yellow mottle disease contained a mixture of viruses: Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) particles (30 × 130 nm), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, 30 nm diameter isometric particles), and unidentified, isometric virus-like particles (30 nm diameter). An effective purification procedure is described for PYMV. Immunosorbent and conventional electron microscopy successfully detected badnavirus particles only when at least partially purified extracts were used. PYMV was confirmed as the cause of the disease, with the other two viruses apparently playing no part in producing symptoms. PYMV was transmitted by grafting, by the insect vectors citrus mealy bug (Planococcus citri) and black pepper lace bug (Diconocoris distanti), but not by mechanical inoculation or through seeds. The CMV isolate was transmitted to indicator plants by mechanical inoculation and by the vector Aphis gossypii, but not by Myzus persicae; but neither mechanical nor insect transmission of CMV to black pepper was successful. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect PYMV in black pepper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0032-0862.2002.00757.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of incorporating straw or manure into the soil on the natural microflora of winter wheat (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil. It was previously shown that severities of several foliar diseases were reduced by the treatment with straw. Treatments with straw slightly increased leaf microbial numbers at growth stage (GS) 10, and significantly but slightly decreased numbers at GS 60 and 70, when averaged over all crops. There was no evidence of differences in potential for biological control between plots, because no differences were demonstrated between treatments in the proportion of phylloplane residents able to produce chitinase, siderophores or antibiotics. There was no link between soil and leaf nitrogen and microbial populations or soil amendment. The two youngest leaves of straw-treated plants remained green longer than leaves from untreated or manure-treated plants. Microbial numbers differed between crops, but within crops were more stable on leaves and ears than in soil. Soil populations were larger before the crops were sown. Bacteria predominated over fungi in all habitats throughout the growing season. The ratio of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria recovered was similar on leaves and in soil, but not on ears. Soil and leaf microbes utilized similar carbon sources. More leaf epiphytes than soil microbes produced siderophores. The majority of identified organisms belonged to only a few species. Chromogenic organisms were more abundant on aerial surfaces. A fungicide, chlorothalonil, was applied in one crop; it reduced the microbial population but did not alter its composition (without affecting the reduction in disease due to straw). It is postulated that straw acts in the field by altering plant physiology and thus altering both microbial colonization and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00598.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of spatial patterns of disease in winter wheat crops and the implications for sampling (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Over a period of three crop seasons the spatial patterns of some common diseases of winter wheat were investigated at growth stages (GS) 31/33 and 59/61. A large-scale sampling procedure, using randomly positioned transects and based on the theory of autocorrelation analysis, is described. This novel technique enables valid tests of significance to be made on the autocorrelation coefficients calculated. The most complete data obtained were for Septoria tritici blotch which was found to have a near random pattern on scales between 31 cm and 31 m at the growth stages investigated. However, the severity of S. tritici blotch was found to be autocorrelated at scales below 1 m in some fields. With the exceptions of powdery mildew at GS 31/33 and yellow rust at GS 59/61, the other diseases also exhibited a near random pattern. Therefore, almost any convenient sampling pattern, with reasonable overall coverage, will be adequate to obtain samples for monitoring winter wheat at growth stages 31 and 59.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-38.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A relationship between dry matter and damage by larvae of the turnip root flyDelia floralis in cultivars of the swedish turnipBrassica napus (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of trials from 1981–85 investigating the amount of damage caused by larvae of the turnip root flyDelia floralis (Fallen) to cultivars of Swedish turnipBrassica Napus (L.) of varying percentages of dry matter indicated that those of high dry matter were damaged less than low dry matter cultivars. Pupal numbers of turnip root fly gave good correlations with damage but there was no relationship between damage and cabbage root fly pupae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386517
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  • 10
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    Two different begomovirus species are associated with yellow vein mosaic disease of okra in Sri Lanka (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-18
    Print ISSN: 0301-4851
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4978
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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