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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple predator-avoidance behaviours of the freshwater snail Physella heterostropha pomila: responses vary with risk (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 44 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 〈list style="custom"〉1We examined the predator-avoidance behaviour, exhibited in response to chemical cues, of two populations of the snail Physella heterostropha pomila. Snails were subjected to four treatments simulating different degrees of predation risk: control water (low risk), or water from tanks containing nonforaging crayfish (intermediate risk), crushed conspecifics (high risk) or crayfish consuming conspecifics (high risk). Data were analysed using three-way ANOVA models (population × predator chemicals × injured conspecific chemicals).2 Physella increased its avoidance behaviour as risk increased. Crayfish cue elicited a significantly greater response than from controls. Cues from injured conspecifics elicited the strongest response.3 Physella exhibited several types of avoidance behaviour, including burial into the substratum, moving to the water surface, and crawling out of the water. The type of cue present influenced response type. Cues from crayfish reduced burial and increased movement to the water surface or out of the water. Cues from injured-conspecifics significantly increased crawling completely out of the water.4The two populations differed in the type and degree of response exhibited. One population exhibited significantly greater ‘reactivity’ (i.e. any avoidance behaviour) in response to foraging crayfish, and more burial and crawl-out behaviours were exhibited in high-risk treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00576.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Has zooplankton 24 hour vertical distribution pattern in Lough Derg (Ireland) been changed over the period of ∼90 years? (2011)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Description: The vertical distribution of zooplankton was examined in Lough Derg, Ireland. Zooplankton was collected at one location every 2 m from the surface to the bottom during 24 hours at four-hour intervals. Zooplankton was identified to the species level and its density was calculated for each taxon, depth and hour. We recorded 9 rotifer, 3 copepod, and 4 cladoceran species. The highest total zooplankton density (rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, mysids and zebra mussel larvae) was recorded at 3 a.m. Rotifers preferred mainly a depth from 0 to 8 m, while copepods and cladocerans were observed within the whole water column during a 24 hour observation. It was a different pattern of diurnal migration than that Southern and Gardiner (1932) received, though they didn’t study rotifers. Probably food concentration and/or predators, or other environmental factors could influence the diel vertical migration of zooplankton from Loug Derg.
    Print ISSN: 1730-413X
    Electronic ISSN: 1897-3191
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by De Gruyter
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  • 3
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    A Communal Sign Post of Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia) and Other Species on the Tibetan Plateau, China (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: The snow leopard is a keystone species in mountain ecosystems of Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about the interactions between snow leopards and sympatric carnivores. Using infrared cameras, we found a rocky junction of two valleys in Sanjiangyuan area on the Tibetan Plateau where many mammals in this area passed and frequently marked and sniffed the site at the junction. We suggest that this site serves as a sign post to many species in this area, especially snow leopards and other carnivores. The marked signs may also alert the animals passing by to temporally segregate their activities to avoid potential conflicts. We used the Schoener index to measure the degree of temporal segregation among the species captured by infrared camera traps at this site. Our research reveals the probable ways of both intra- and interspecies communication and demonstrates that the degree of temporal segregation may correlate with the degree of potential interspecies competition. This is an important message to help understand the structure of animal communities. Discovery of the sign post clarifies the importance of identifying key habitats and sites of both snow leopards and other species for more effective conservation.
    Print ISSN: 2314-4149
    Electronic ISSN: 2314-4157
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Hindawi
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