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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermobaric structure of a traverse across western Dabieshan: implications for collision tectonics between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 22 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: As the best preserved high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP and UHP) metamorphic terrane in the Qinling-Dabieshan-Sulu orogen, western Dabieshan is divided into six lithotectonic units along a traverse across the orogen, i.e. from north to south, the Nanwan, Balifan, Huwan, Xinxian, Hong'an and Mulanshan units. In this terrane five eclogite-bearing zones (I–V) are developed. The garnet and clinopyroxene in eclogites from these zones exhibit chemical zoning, suggesting that the rims record general peak temperature and pressure. Thermobarometric study indicates that the peak P–T conditions of eclogite are 550–570°C and 21 kbar for Zone I, 470–500°C and 14–17 kbar for Zone II, 620–670°C and 26–29 kbar for Zone III, 530–560°C and 20–22 kbar for Zone IV, and 490–510°C and 19–20 kbar for Zone V. The symmetrical thermobaric pattern, in conjunction with structural and geochronological data, demonstrates that the Huwan and Hong'an units belong to the same HP slice overlying the UHP slice. This pattern, together with the Mulanshan LT/HP blueschist–greenschist belt in the south, roughly constitutes a ‘normal’ metamorphic zonation. However, clear metamorphic gaps occur between different slices. It is inferred that the LT/HP, HP and UHP slices were broken up from the downgoing slab during subduction and reached different depths along different geothermal gradients. The successive subduction of underlying slices leads to a nearly concomitant uplift of overlying slices, whereas exhumation of the deepest UHP slice was effected by underthrusting of the lower crust of the Yangtze craton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00519.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eclogites from the south Tianshan, NW China: petrological characteristic and calculated mineral equilibria in the Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O system (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Eclogites from the south Tianshan, NW China are grouped into two types: glaucophane and hornblende eclogites, composed, respectively, of garnet + omphacite + glaucophane + paragonite + epidote + quartz and garnet + omphacite + hornblende (sensu lato) + paragonite + epidote + quartz, plus accessory rutile and ilmenite. These eclogites are diverse both in mineral composition and texture not only between the two types but also among the different selected samples within the glaucophane eclogite. Using thermocalc 3.1 and recent models of activity–composition relation for minerals, a P–T projection and a series of P–T pseudosections for specific samples of eclogite have been calculated in the system Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (NCFMASH) with quartz and water taken to be in excess. On the basis of these phase diagrams, the phase relations and P–T conditions are well delineated. The three selected samples of glaucophane eclogite AK05, AK11 and AK17 are estimated to have peak P–T conditions, respectively, of 540–550 °C at c. 16 kbar, c. 560 °C at 15–17 kbar and c. 580 °C at 15–19 kbar, and two samples of hornblende eclogite AK10 and AK30 of 610–630 °C and 17–18 kbar. Together with H2O-content contours in the related P–T pseudosections and textural relations, both types of eclogite are inferred to show clockwise P–T paths, with the hornblende eclogite being transformed from the glaucophane eclogite assemblage dominantly through increasing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00435.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Forbidden zone’ subduction of sediments to 150 km depth— the reaction of dolomite to magnesite + aragonite in the UHPM metapelites from western Tianshan, China (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The solid-state reaction magnesite (MgCO3) + calcite (aragonite) (CaCO3) = dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) has been identified in metapelites from western Tianshan, China. Petrological studies show that two metamorphic stages are recorded in the metapelites: (1) the peak mineral assemblage of magnesite and calcite pseudomorphs after aragonite which is only preserved as inclusions within dolomite; and (2) the retrograde glaucophane-chloritoid facies mineral assemblage of glaucophane, chloritoid, dolomite, garnet, paragonite, chlorite and quartz. The peak metamorphic temperatures and pressures are calculated to be 560–600 °C, 4.95–5.07 GPa based on the calcite–dolomite geothermometer and the equilibrium calculation of the reaction dolomite = magnesite + aragonite, respectively. These give direct evidence in UHP metamorphic rocks from Tianshan, China, that carbonate sediments were subducted to greater than 150 km depth. This UHP metamorphism represents a geotherm lower than any previously estimated for subduction metamorphism (〈 3.7 °C km−1) and is within what was previously considered a ‘forbidden’ condition within Earth. In terms of the carbon cycle, this demonstrates that carbonate sediments can be subducted to at least 150 km depth without releasing significant CO2 to the overlying mantle wedge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00460.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculated phase equilibria for low- and medium-pressure metapelites in the KFMASH and KMnFMASH systems (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 22 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Petrogenetic grids in the KFMASH and KMnFMASH model systems calculated with the software thermocalc 3.1 are presented for the P–T range 0.5–12 kbar and 450–900 °C, for assemblages involving garnet, muscovite, chloritoid, biotite, chlorite, staurolite, cordierite, spinel, orthopyroxene, K-feldspar, Al2SiO5 phases, quartz, water and melt. Based on calculated compatibility diagrams and P–T and T–MMn [Mn/(Mg + Fe + Mn)] pseudosections for different metapelitic bulk compositions, the principal conclusions are that the addition of Mn to the KFMASH system: (i) enhances the stability of garnet, and, to a lesser extent, aluminosilicates; (ii) reduces the stability of staurolite, cordierite and, to a lesser extent, chlorite; and (iii) extends the medium pressure stability of muscovite and the low-P stability field of K-feldspar. The influence of Mn on individual mineral stabilities is strongly related to rock composition, in particular, to the relative contents of Al2O3 and K2O. For metapelites of a range of compositions and MMn values, P–T pseudosections in the KFMASH system, in most cases, do not adequately predict the mineral assemblages observed in natural assemblages under medium and low-pressure conditions. In contrast, the P–T pseudosections in the KMnFMASH system generally provide more satisfactory results, suggesting that MnO is one of the non-KFMASH components that should not be neglected in documenting the phase equilibria of medium- and low-P metapelites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00530.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fade margins for soft and hard handoffs (1996)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 2 (1996), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A particularly attractive feature of CDMA wireless systems proposed in the Telecommunication Industry Association's standard IS-95 [1] is their ability to get into what is known as “soft handoff”. A mobile in soft handoff maintains simultaneous radio links with multiple base-stations which enables it to make use of the best quality leg most of the time. This is believed to result in a reduction of the fade margin that is needed to provide the desired coverage in a given geographical area in the presence of log-normal shadow fading. This paper presents an analysis of fade margins for systems allowing soft handoffs (e.g. CDMA) and those where only hard handoffs are possible (e.g. FDMA, TDMA). The analysis is based on a model for hard handoffs with hysteresis and connection delay and confirms the belief that soft handoffs result in smaller fade margins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262047
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of two acetanilide herbicides in a tropical soil (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 50 (1993), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196536
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novels patterns of hydration and new compounds in the ternary system of CaO-Al2O3-P2O5 (1998)
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 2 (1998), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Keywords: Key words Hydration and solidification ; Ternary system of CaO-Al2O3-P2O5 ; New crystal phase L ; New crystal phase H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The patterns of hydrating and solidifying with the compositional variation of phosphorus-rich, phosphorus-calcium-rich and aluminum-calcium rich regions in ternary system CaO-Al2O3-P2O5 has been studied in detail, and two new ternary compounds L and H have been synthesized here. The results indicate that the region of 48–56% P2O5 doesn’t present cementitiousness, which contains mainly crystal phases of β-C2P(2CaO·P2O5), α-C3P(3CaO·P2O5) and AlPO4; the phosphorus-calcium-rich region of 21–35% P2O5 exhibits substantial cementitiousness, which contains mainly crystal phase of α-C3P and certain amount of CA(CaO·Al2O3) and new phases L/H; and the aluminum-calcium-rich region of 8–18% P2O5 is full of promise for cementitiousness. It contains mainly new crystal phase L and certain amount of α-C3P and CA. The hydration and solidification mechanisms have been preliminarily analyzed by means of XRD, XPS and DTA. It appears that crystal phase CA might hydrate directly to the stable phase of C3A·6H2O in the phosphorus-rich case of 21–35% P2O5; new phase H has the behavior of rapid setting; and L, being a dominant phase, can prevent cement pastes from significant strength loss in long curing cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190050071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanism for the formation of plasmoids and kink waves in the heliospheric current sheet (1988)
    Springer
    Solar physics 117 (1988), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Satellite observations of the heliospheric current sheet indicate that the plasma flow velocity is low at the center of the current sheet and high on the two sides of current sheet. In this paper, we investigate the growth rates and eigenmodes of the sausage, kind, and tearing instabilities in the heliospheric current sheet with the observed sheared flow. These instabilities may lead to the formation of the plasmoids and kink waves in the solar wind. The results show that both the sausage and kink modes can be excited in the heliospheric current sheet with a growth time ∼ 0.05–5 day. Therefore, these modes can grow during the transit of the solar wind from the Sun to the Earth. The sausage mode grows faster than the kink mode for β ∞ 〈 1.5, while the streaming kink instability has a higher growth rate for β ∞ 〉 1.5. Here β ∞ is the ratio between the plasma and magnetic pressures away from the current layer. If a finite resistivity is considered, the streaming sausage mode evolves into the streaming tearing mode with the formation of magnetic islands. We suggest that some of the magnetic clouds and plasmoids observed in the solar wind may be associated with the streaming sausage instability. Furthermore, it is found that a large-scale kink wave may develop in the region with a radial distance greater than 0.5–1.5 AU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148579
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth profiling of iron impurities on GaAs surfaces using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 354 (1996), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract.  Depth profiling of iron impurities on GaAs surfaces is performed by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. A numerical processing procedure presented previously is used for the evaluation of the experimental data. A detection limit of 1011 atoms Fe/cm2 on GaAs surfaces has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012719
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Martingale transforms with non-atomic limits and stochastic approximation (1993)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 95 (1993), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: 60 G 42 ; 62 L 20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A sufficient condition for the limit of a martingale transform to posses a continuous distribution is given. The result is used to show that for a stochastic approximation procedure, if the adjustment rate is too small then it would not converge to the target value a.s. Furthermore, if the adjustment rate is taken to be 1/n as usual but the derivative of the regression function at the target value is 0, then the convergence rate is shown to be logn instead of $$\sqrt n$$ , the rate obtained when the derivative is non-zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01197340
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