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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXPLORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO IDENTIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS CAUSING FLAVOR DETERIORATION DURING STORAGE OF CANNED ORANGE JUICE. I. INCOMPATIBILITY OF PEEL-OIL CONSTITUENTS WITII THE ACID JUICE (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 17 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1952.tb16761.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of synergistic combinations of spirogermanium with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin using a range of human tumour cell lines in vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 2 (1984), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: spirogermanium ; synergistic drug combinations ; human tumour cell lines ; 5-fluorouracil ; cisplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of continuous human tumour cell lines, derived from various tumour types, were used to establish whether the combination of spirogermanium (SP) with other ‘standard’ antitumour drugs proved superior to these as single agents in reducing cell survival in vitro. A non-cytotoxic concentration of SP was selected and when combined with a range of concentrations of cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), definite synergistic cell kill was noted in all lines tested. In contrast, the combination of SP with various other antitumor drugs, including adriamycin, methotrexate and the vinca alkaloids and with X-irradiation did not enhance cytotoxicity. These pre-clinical in vitro studies suggest that benefit may accrue from combining SP with either 5-FU or cisplatin and provide a basis for their clinical evaluation in colo-rectal tumours or transitional cell cancer of the bladder, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to Diversity and Speciation in the Prosimii (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 789-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553408094
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial Sequences as Indicators of Genetic Classification in Bush Babies (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 889-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Galago ; bush baby ; mitochondrial genes ; phylogeny ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Systematic relationships among the African bush babies are not well understood. Various generic designations are currently in use. Some authors refer all species to a single genus (Galago), while others recognize ≤4 genera. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphology, karyology, allozymes and vocal repertoires have generated inconsistent hypotheses of relationship. We analyzed partial sequences of three mitochondrial genes (270 bp from cytochrome b, 387 bp from 12S rRNA, and 241 bp from 16S rRNA, total 898 bp) to resolve some uncertainties. We sampled taxa from each of three genera: Galagoides alleni, G. demidoff and G. zanzibaricus; Galago senegalensis, G. gallarum and G. moholi; and Otolemur crassicaudatus and O. garnettii. Outgroup taxa were Asian lorises: Nycticebus coucang and Loris tardigradus. We analyzed sequences separately and in combination, and modeled phylogenies using maximum parsimony, weighted parsimony, neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood. We obtained some variation in phylogenetic inference depending on sequence and analytical method, but the results also gave strong phylogenetic signals. The lesser bush babies invariably formed a clade, showing evidence of very recent radiation. The greater bush babies also formed a clade, marked by somewhat greater interspecific genetic distances, which was allied with Galagoides alleni in most instances. Galagoides demidoff and G. zanzibaricus are not closely related, though both diverged early in the history of the group. A genus comprising Galagoides alleni, G. demidoff and G. zanzibaricus is not supported by our data. The most likely alliance for Galagoides alleni is within the genus Otolemur. Of the three partial sequences employed in the study, 16S rRNA gave the most consistent results, while cytochrome b was least informative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005502927658
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loud calls ofGalago crassicaudatus andG. garnettii and their relation to habitat structure (1991)
    Springer
    Primates 32 (1991), S. 153-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Galago crassicaudatus ; Galago garnettii ; Loud calls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Long distance vocalizations have been shown to be good indicators of genetic species in primates. Here the loud calls of two recently identified greater galago taxa —Galago crassicaudatus andG. garnettii — are compared and analyzed statistically. Observed differences in call structures are investigated further as potential indicators of differences in the structures of habitats frequented by the two species. Although the calls share a repetitive structure, and show similar dominant frequency bands (1,000 – 1,500 Hz), they differ significantly in the number of units per call, unit duration, inter-unit interval, highest frequency, lowest frequency, dominant frequency band, first harmonic, and call duration. The duration of theG. crassicaudatus call is more than twice that ofG. garnettii. Strong intraspecific consistency is seen in the most energetic frequency bands (dominant frequency band and first harmonic), and durations of the individual units and inter-unit intervals. Information important to species recognition is thus most likely to be contained in these features. Individual recognition may be encoded in the relative emphasis of higher level harmonics. The frequency structures of the calls will reflect requirements for acoustical transmission in a forest environment, as well as structural constraints imposed by body size. Higher frequencies detected in theG. garnettii call (up to 8,500 Hz) may have a functional significance related to distance estimation, or may simply be a reflection of smaller body size. The greater modulation of theG. garnettii call suggests that its habitat constitutes a denser or more turbulent medium for sound transmission than does the habitat ofG. crassicaudatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardized karyotypes for the greater Galagos, Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy, 1812 and G. garnettii (Ogilby, 1838) (Primates: Prosimii) (1987)
    Springer
    Genetica 75 (1987), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Karyotypes were analyzed of 21 greater galagos, usign classical, G-banding, C-banding and silver nitrate staining techniques. A composite G-banded karyotype and high resolution idiogram are presented for each species. Areas of possible rearrangement are identified. The results support the interpretations derived from earlier, unbanded studies, rather than a more recent proposal from G-banded data. Failure of repeated attempts to obtain C-bands, despite success in human controls, indicates that the heterochromatic bands generally revealed by these staining methods are either absent or extremely small in greater galagos. Silver staining revealed a single pair of NOR-bearing autosomes in both species, as shown by previous authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055256
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chromosomes of Nycticebus coucang (Boddaert, 1785) (Primates: Prosimii) (1987)
    Springer
    Genetica 75 (1987), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The high-quality karyotype of a specimen of Nycticebus coucang is described and illustrated. The X chromosome is found to be indistinguishable from that of the greater galagos, and may represent a synapomorphic trait. The Y chromosome is a medium to small submetacentric (3.2% TCL) and constitutes one of the larger Y chromosomes known in primates. N. coucang is found to have multiple NOR-bearing chromosomes in contrast to the single pair found in galagine and catarrhine monkeys. Since a single NOR-bearing pair is often considered ancestral for primates, this new finding may have important implications for the evolution of these cistrons. One of the chromosomal polymorphisms in this specimen is a pericentric inversion, involving a NOR-bearing autosomal pair (no. 6), that alters the position of the active site. Further, homologues 2p differ by aparacentric inversion. These results confirm that lorisiforms are characterized by considerable chromosomal polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055258
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships among the galaginae as indicated by erythrocytic allozymes (1994)
    Springer
    Primates 35 (1994), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Strepsirhini ; Phylogeny ; Allozymes ; Cladistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At least four hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic relationships within the Galaginae have been proposed, based on features of karyology, morphology, and behaviour, but these hypotheses share few common elements. Here we investigate erythrocytic allozymes as potential phylogenetic markers, and subject our results to a cladistic analysis. Our study offers little support for the previous models, but suggests instead that the greater galagos andG. alleni form a clade since they share character states for eight of the ten systems examined. The two lesser galago species could not be distinguished using these enzymes, and character states common to them and theallenicrassicaudatus-garnettii clade were found in only four systems. Our resultant cladogram accords well with the rather scant galagine fossil record. The data also show strong concordance with results obtained using highly repeated DNA sequences, which indicate that the galagos form a close-knit genetic group, while the Malagasy lemurids show considerably more inter-taxic variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382053
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A characterization of the detroit wintertime aerosol (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 27 (1986), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: abstract The physical characterization of winter-time aerosol in the Detroit area studied over a 7-week period (January–March, 1983) is presented. Total suspended particle levels (〈15 μm) were 56 ± 29 μg m−3, with 66% of the material in the fine (〈2.5 μm) particle fraction. Coarse and fine particle masses were reasonably correlated, indicating that local sources, not long-range transport, influenced winter-time aerosol at the site. Mobile sources were responsible for a marked diurnal variation in the nuclei mode particle count and accounted for about 10% of the submicron aerosol mass. Decreases in submicron aerosol concentrations during precipitation appear to be associated with advection of clean air into the area during frontal passage rather than to precipitation scavenging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649409
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  • 10
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    The chromosomes of Nycticebus coucang (Boddaert, 1785) (Primates: Prosimii) (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-6707
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-6857
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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