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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Bt maize hybrids with their non-transgenic counterparts and commercial varieties for resistance to European corn borer and for agronomic traits (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is a major pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in Central Europe. In order to compare transgenic Bt maize hybrids with their non-transgenic counterparts and commercial hybrids, field trials and a laboratory bioassay were conducted. The field experiments were performed at four locations with natural and manual infestation of ECB larvae in 1998 and 1999. Transgenic Bt hybrids showed significantly lower means than their corresponding non-transgenic counterparts and commercial hybrids for all resistance traits (damage rating of stalks, number of larvae per plant, and percentage of damaged plants or ears under infestation). Bt hybrids containing the CryIA(b) gene under the control of green tissue and pollen-specific promoters (event 176) showed a significantly higher percentage of damaged ears than Bt hybrids carrying the CryIA(b) gene under the control of a constitutive promoter (Mon810). Bt and non-Bt hybrids showed no significant differences for all agronomic traits, except for plant height under insecticide protection and grain yield reduction under infestation, whereas Bt hybrids had significantly lower means than their non-transgenic counterparts and other commercial hybrids. All resistance traits were significantly correlated with grain yield reduction. The laboratory bioassay confirmed the level of antibiosis of Bt hybrids against neonate ECB larvae. Bt hybrids showed the highest level of ECB resistance and therefore are an attractive method of preventing ECB damage within an integrated pest-management system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00621.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in testcrosses of European maize inbreds for resistance to the European corn borer and relations to line per se performance (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The European com borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis H. is a major pest in World maize Zea mays L. production. Objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the genotypic variance and covariance in testcrosses of European flint and dent inbreds for ECB resistance and agronomic traits, and (2) estimate the correlation between line per se and testcross performance for ECB resistance traits. A total of 16 flint and 24 dent inbreds and their testcrosses with two testers from the opposite germplasm pool were evaluated in four and three German environments, respectively. Using artificial infestation with ECB larvae, resistance was assessed by damage rating of stalks, tunnel length in dissected stalks, and relative yield of infested plots compared with protected plots. Yield losses due to ECB damage in testcross hybrids amounted to 40%. Significant genotypic variances between flint and dent lines and high heritabilities were found for damage rating of stalks for both line per se and testcross performance. Heritabilities were low or intermediate for tunnel length and relative grain yield. Correlations between line per se and testcross performance were tight for the damage rating of stalks and moderate for tunnel length and relative yield in both flint and dent germplasm. For damage rating of stalks, per se performance of lines tested in a few environments can be used to predict their testcross performance. In contrast, assessment of testcross performance for tunnel length and relative yield requires evaluating testcrosses with several testers in multi-environment trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01948.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration of moniliformin produced by Fusarium species in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids compared to their isogenic counterparts and commercial varieties under European corn borer pressure (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hb., is a major pest of maize in Central Europe and is suspected to promote infection of maize with Fusarium species. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine moniliformin (MON) concentration in early maturing European Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, commercial cultivars and experimental hybrids, (2) evaluate the association between MON concentration and ECB resistance and (3) correlate MON concentration with concentrations of other mycotoxins determined from the same plant materials. The field experiments were performed at five locations in Germany. MON concentration was significantly higher with manual infestation of ECB larvae (296 μg/kg) than under insecticide protection (66 μg/kg). Bt hybrids showed significantly lower MON concentrations and higher grain yields under manual ECB infestation than their corresponding isogenic counterparts, as well as commercial and experimental hybrids. All ECB resistance traits and grain yield under ECB infestation were significantly correlated with MON concentration. Correlations between concentrations of MON and other Fusarium mycotoxins were not significant. The use of Bt maize hybrids or insecticides to control ECB reduces the contamination of maize grains with MON in Central Europe. The presence of resistance genes against Fusarium species in the current elite maize germplasm was indicated by ECB susceptible non-Bt hybrids with low-MON concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00885.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of early-maturing European maize germplasm to sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) are the most important viruses of maize in Europe. In field and greenhouse experiments, 122 early-maturing European maize inbreds (45 flint and 77 dent lines) were evaluated for their reaction to artificial inoculation by SCMV and MDMV. Three dent inbreds (D21, D32, FAP1360 A) with complete resistance and four dent inbreds (D06, D09, R2306, FAP1396A) with partial resistance against both potyviruses under both greenhouse and field conditions were identified. All other inbreds were highly susceptible to both SCMV and MDMV. Selection for virus resistance in maize breeding could be performed with only one virus at a time because all inbreds resistant to SCMV were also resistant to MDMV. Rank correlations between percentages of infected plants in greenhouse and field trials ranged from 0.51 to 0.72 for both SCMV and MDMV, suggesting that prescreening of breeding materials for virus resistance can be performed in the greenhouse but final evaluation in multilocation trials in the field is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb01038.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between European corn borer resistance and concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, and commercial varieties (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hb., is a major pest of maize in central Europe and promotes the infection of maize with Fusarium spp. In this study, transgenic Bt maize hybrids were compared with their isogenic counterparts, and with commercial hybrids from the recommended list with regard to their level of ECB resistance and their concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON), its 15-acetyl (15-A-DON) and 3-acetyl (3-A-DON) derivatives, nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), fumonisins (FUM), and zearalenon (ZEN) in harvested grains. The field experiments were performed in Germany at four locations in 1999 and at five locations in 2000. Transgenic Bt hybrids showed significantly lower means than their corresponding isogenic counterparts and than commercial hybrids for all resistance traits: damage rating of stalks, number of larvae per plant, number of larvae per ear, and percentage of damaged plants or ears under infestation. Among all mycotoxins analysed, DON consistently showed the highest concentration across all year × location combinations. Mycotoxin concentrations varied significantly between locations, years and genotypes, whereas mycotoxin concentrations were not significantly different between infested and protected plots. Associations between ECB resistance traits and mycotoxin concentrations were not consistent across years. It is concluded that under central European conditions, the use of Bt maize hybrids will only slightly reduce the contamination of maize kernels with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00659.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation among European maize inbreds for resistance to the European corn borer and relation to agronomic traits (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The univoltine European corn borer (ECB) has become a major limiting factor for maize (Zea mays L.) production in central Europe. The objective of this study was to survey the genetic variation for ECB resistance in European elite maize germplasm. Eighteen flint and 23 dent inbreds were screened under artificial ECB infestation at two locations in 1993 and 1994. Resistance was assessed by damage rating of broken plants, measurement of tunnel length in dissected stalks, and yield reduction in infested plots relative to insecticide-protected control plots. Flint lines showed significantly greater means for damage rating than dent lines with grain yield reduction of 35% and 24%, respectively. Significant genotypic variances among lines and high heritabilities were found for agronomic traits and damage rating. Heritabilities were intermediate for tunnel length and relative grain yield. Significant associations of days to silking, ear dry matter content, and dry matter yield of the whole plant with damage rating and tunnel length suggested a better resistance in late-maturing, high-yielding inbreds. Genotypic correlations of relative grain yield with tunnel length and damage rating ranged between −0.46 and −0.72. Partial correlations, eliminating the effect of flowering time, confirmed these associations. Damage rating of stalks is the most suitable trait for evaluation of ECB damage owing to its high heritability and easy recording. Tunnel length below the primary ear is a useful trait for assessing antibiosis because it is not correlated with days to silking. Inbreds with extreme resistance and susceptibility were identified which can be used as parents for establishing breeding and QTL mapping populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb01024.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Simplified Overlay Plaque Technic for Evaluating Responses of Small Free-Living Amebae in Grassland Soils (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 22 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The responses of amebae and bacteria in a grassland soil were investigated by an overlay plaque technic developed in this laboratory. This procedure, using Aerobacter aerogenes as the food source, allowed convenient assay of significant changes in ameba populations which resulted from additions of nutrient and water. In comparison with controls, when water was added an initial increase occurred in bacterial counts followed by an increase in the numbers of amebae. Upon addition of glucose, ameba populations increased initially and then decreased with time, while populations of bacteria remained constant. The addition of hay resulted in significant increases in populations of bacteria and amebae. Plaque appearance on enumeration plates was most rapid with inocula from nutrient-treated soils.Predominant amebae recovered by this technic were species of Acanthamoeba and Hartmannella. They were estimated to be present in untreated soils at 3.2 × 103/gram. Ameba feeding experiments were used to evaluate the possible suitability of other bacteria as food. The results indicated that nonpigmented laboratory strains of bacteria were preferred, while pigmented grassland isolates were more rapidly utilized.Small soil amebae appear to be sensitive to minor soil perturbations, and the enumeration procedure developed in this study should aid in following their responses to environmental stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1975.tb05192.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replacement of the essential penicillin-binding protein 5 by high-molecular mass PBPs may explain vancomycin-β-lactam synergy in low-level vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D366 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 91 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of synergy between vancomycin and penicillin, as well as other β-lactam antibiotics, was examined in a penicillin-resistant E. faecium (D366) expressing an inducible low-level resistance to vancomycin. It was demonstrated that penicillin per se was not able to reduce the inducible expression of the 39.5-kDa protein (VANB) or the carboxypeptidase activity which are involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance of this strain. Assays of competition between 3H-benzylpenicillin and diverse β-lactam antibiotics suggested as the most likely explanation of the synergy that, once vancomycin resistance has been induced, the high-molecular mass penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and possibly PBP1 in particular, which have a high affinity for β-lactam antibiotics, take over the role of the low-affinity PBP5 which is in the non-induced strain, responsible for β-lactam resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05187.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of neutralization in the evaluation of triclosan-containing products (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: neutralization; triclosan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A variety of bactericidal tests are available for evaluating the antimicrobial activity of products. An often overlooked variable in these types of studies is adequate neutralization. Triclosan is a widely used antimicrobial agent and has been shown to be difficult to neutralize. Incomplete neutralization may overestimate the efficacy of triclosan-containing products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900564
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation ofn-alkanes to ketones by anArthrobacter species (1968)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34 (1968), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AnArthrobacter strain isolated from soil and selected for poor ability to utilize hexadecane as sole C-source was grown in a hexadecane (or pentadecane) — salts medium supplemented with yeast extract or corn steep liquor as the source of carbon for growth. It accumulated mono-hexadecanones (or pentadecanones). The percentages to which the individual ketones were accumulated depended on the distance of the carbonyl group from the terminal end of the substrate hydrocarbon; the greater the distance, the lower the percentage. The percentages did not depend on the composition of the medium. No other hydrocarbon oxidation products were observed. These results are discussed in relation to other reports of microbial conversions of alkanes to ketones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02046471
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