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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean cultivars (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 516-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; Gene pool ; Growth habit ; Centers of domestication ; Architype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was compared using regression of genotypic performance on environmental means. Yields of 28 dry bean cultivars differing in plant growth habit and commercial class designation were obtained from 42 Michigan performance nurseries over the 6 year period 1980 to 1985. The determinate type I large-seeded kidney and cranberry bean cultivars had below-average seed yield and large mean square deviations from regression. Lower yielding determinate small-seeded navy cultivars had low deviation mean square values, while higher yielding determinate navy cultivars had correspondingly higher mean square deviations from regression. Although seed yield of cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit was greater than determinate cultivars, prostrate type III indeterminate cultivars had deviation mean square values equivalent to those of large-seeded determinate cultivars. The erect, short vine type II indeterminate cultivars (architypes) had greater than average seed yields and minimum deviations from regression. Compared with other plant types, the architype group showed a greater yield response to more productive environments, with regression coefficient values significantly greater than unity. These results indicate that the type II growth habit offers the breeder the best opportunity of obtaining greater seed yield without incurring loss of yield stability as occurs with the type I and type III growth habits. Since the dry bean cultivars utilized in this study represent two distinct centers of domestication, the regression analysis suggests that cultivars from the predominant genetic center demonstrate more yield stability. A non-significant rank correlation coefficient between the combined and separate analyses for deviation mean square values of large-seeded cultivars implies that commercial dry bean classes should be compared separately based on center of domestication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289831
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms of Malawian bean lines: further evidence for two major gene pools (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 753-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Mitochondrial RFLPs ; Gene pools ; Genetic diversity ; Malawi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity was determined in 23 Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes, and compared to previously observed variability of morphoagronomic characters and isozyme loci. Twenty of the lines were collected from Malawian landraces; the other three were pure-bred cultivars. The mtDNAs were digested with eight restriction endonucleases, revealing complex banding patterns. Southern hybridization using cosmid clones covering about 200-kb of the genome showed a considerable amount of uniformity of the mtDNA banding patterns. However, five restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected, dividing the bean lines into two groups corresponding to the previously known Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools of P. vulgaris. The cultivar “Mecosta” was separated from the rest of the lines by an additional RFLP. At least two out of the six RFLPs are believed to be due to base-pair mutation events. Our results provide the first evidence that the cytoplasms of the two major germ plasm pools of beans are distinct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224188
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphisms in wild Phaseolus vulgaris L.: insights on the domestication of the common bean (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 915-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial RFLPs ; Common bean ; Crop domestication ; Founder effect ; Gene pools
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous examination of intraspecific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, showed that five restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) distinguish the mitochondrial genomes of the two major gene pools of cultivated beans, the Mesoamerican and the Andean. In the study presented here, mtDNA was used to compare the amount of diversity in cultivated beans to that in collections of wild beans to gain an understanding of how and when the mitochondrial genomes of the gene pools became distinct. The mtDNA of six wild bean accessions from Central and South America were digested with nine restriction endonucleases and analyzed by Southern hybridization. A total of twenty RFLPs were detected demonstrating a significantly higher amount of mtDNA variability in wild beans than in cultivated ones. All of the wild beans had the same mtDNA pattern for four out of the five inter-gene pool RFLPs, indicating that the polymorphism arose soon after domestication: two in the gene pool of the cultivated Mesoamerican beans and two in the gene pool of the cultivated Andean beans. The fifth RFLP must have occurred before domestication since the locus was also polymorphic in the wild beans. Wild beans from the south Andes were distinct and less variable than wild accessions of the north Andes and Mesoamerica. The distribution of mtDNA RFLPs among the wild beans supports the concept of two distinct domestication events for P. vulgaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental response patterns in commercial classes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cluster analysis ; Canonical variate analysis ; Genotype × environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The yield data of 39 cultivars of diverse commercial classes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) planted in seven locations in Michigan were subjected to cluster and canonical variate analyses. The essential findings and conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into sub-sets or clusters almost identically coinciding with their commercial class designation. Canonical variate analysis completely confirmed the sub-groupings. Within class similarities were attributed to a narrow genetic base resulting from a common genetic relationship, or at least sharing of a common gene pool. (2) It was found that two clusters could possess almost identical mean (cluster mean) yields, and deviate in opposite directions over the same range of environments. (3) When total genotype × environmental interaction variance was partitioned into between and within clusters, the cluster × environment portion constituted 80% of the total. (4) These results imply that if the behavior of a given cultivar across a series of environments is known, the behavior of all other members of the class across a similar range of environments would be predictable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303484
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial genome size variation and restriction fragment length polymorphisms in threePhaseolus species (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial RFLPs ; Phaseolus ; Species relationships ; Genome size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from threePhaseolus species were examined to estimate their relative genome sizes and to determine the level of interspecific variability and relatedness. Three restriction endonucleases that produced relatively simple profiles were identified and used to determine the genome size of the three species. Taking into account fragment stoichiometries, the average estimates across enzymes were 456, 324, and 400 kb, respectively, forP. vulgaris, P. coccineus, andP. acutifolius. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) differentiated the species when the mtDNAs were digested with seven endonucleases and hybridized with five cosmid clones covering ca. 200 kb of mtDNA sequences. Proportions of shared restriction fragments between every two species were computed as F-values and demonstrated thatP. vulgaris andP. coccineus are more related to each other than either is toP. acutifolius, and that the latter has a similar degree of relationship to the other two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimation of homogeneity in crop plants, with special reference to genetic vulnerability in the dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 665-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Crop plants ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; common dry bean ; genetic homogeneity estimation ; genetic vulnerability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A general method of quantitatively assessing genetic similarity among a set of cultivars of a given crop is proposed, and its application to dry beans in the United States is demonstrated. The method is based upon the multi-variate technique of Principal Components Analysis. Using this method it was possible to calculate a ‘distance’ metric between any two cultivars in the set and to show that such distances were highly inversely correlated with genetic relationship estimated from a knowledge of breeding ancestry. On the basis of distances among cultivars within given production regions (states in the US in this case) and knowledge of the acres of each cultivar grown in the region, an average weighted distance metric appropriate to each was calculated. Each derived distance metric serves as an index of ‘genetic homogeneity’ for the crop in that region. Arguments are presented for relating the degree of vulnerability to a disease epidemic to the distance index. Indexes are calculated for nine of the major bean producing states in the US from which it is concluded that, from the standpoint of genetic vulnerability, Colorado is most vulnerable and California least vulnerable to a region-wide epidemic affecting the bean crop. It is suggested that the method demonstrated here is of nearly universal applicability, and particularly meaningful with respect to self-fertilizing crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021692
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic system for reaction of field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to infection by three physiologic races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (1964)
    Springer
    Euphytica 13 (1964), S. 178-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetic resistance to race alpha of C. lindemuthianum in the nine varieties of beans studied can be accounted for by dominant alleles at either of two loci, which are unlinked and which behave as duplicate factor loci in the classical sense. A similar system of loci governs reaction to races beta and gamma, with evidence favoring multiple allelism and dominance of alleles conferring susceptibility in certain instances in the case of beta. In addition, for reaction to races beta and gamma, there are distinct systems of complementary factors, again with multiple allelism at the beta loci. Finally, there is genetic linkage between genes of the duplicate factor set governing reaction to gamma and genes of the duplicate factor set, and complementary factor set conditioning reaction to beta. The genes that are members of the set(s) pertaining to any one race alone are independent of each other in a linkage sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrophoretic survey of seedling isozymes in several Phaseolus species (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 447-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Esterase ; acid phosphatase ; peroxidase ; banding pattern ; tissue specificity ; species relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to study esterase, acid phosphatase, and peroxidase isozyme patterns in the primary leaves, stems, and roots of 13 species within the genus Phaseolus (P. acutifolius, P. adenanthus, P. angularis, P. atropurpureus, P. aureus, P. bracteatus, P. calcaratus, P. lathyroides, P. mungo, P. ricciardianus, domestic P. vulgaris, and wild P. coccineus and P. vulgaris). Most species showed unique banding patterns in each isozyme system. However, a close similarity in banding patterns was observed for the domestic P. vulgaris, wild P. vulgaris, and wild P. coccineus indicating close genetic relationships, possibly through species introgression or common descent. Great differences in isozyme patterns were found for different tissues from the same species in all systems indicating the high tissue specificity of isozymes. Upon compilation of bands from all the species, a very large number of isozymes were obtained in each system or tissue, making the electrophoretic isozyme technique of high potential in studies of isozyme variants in this genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expected correlated responses in selecting dry beans for tolerance to soil compaction (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; genetic correlation ; genotype-environment interaction ; indirect selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Parents and F2 progenies of an 8×8 diallel cross were grown under non-compacted and compacted soil conditions. Soil compaction reduced yield, pods per plant, and seeds per pod; however, an increase in seed wieght and no effect for pod length were observed. With the exception of pods per plant, the remaining traits had larger genetic variances under non-compacted soil conditions. Phenotypic correlations involving yield and related traits were similar under the two conditions. Tolerance to soil compaction and mean performance over the two soil conditions were defined. Genetic correlations in terms of: (1) the ratio of genetic variances under the stress and non-stress conditions, and (2) the correlation between performance under the two conditions, were calculated and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of common bean cultivar relationships by means of isozyme electrophoretic patterns (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 707-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Esterase ; acid phosphatase ; peroxidase ; banding pattern ; Principal Component Analysis ; genetic distance ; tissue specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Electrophoretic isozyme technique was applied on primary leaf, stem, and root tissues from seedlings of 34 U.S. major common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars belonging to 19 commercial classes (Great Northern, Kidney, Navy, Pinto, Red Mexican, Tropical Black, California Small White, Idaho Flat Small White, Pink, and Cranberry). Among the isozyme systems studied, peroxidase (PER) and esterase (EST) were found to be suitable for cultivar identification within most commercial classes and for estimating the genetic relationships among the cultivars of the same class or among the classes. Acid phosphatase (PHOS), due to high proportions of monomorphic bands, could not be considered a good system for such purposes. Within each isozyme system, no pattern was found to be exclusive to any particular commercial class. Based on the number of polymorphic bands in common between each cultivar pair, a banding-similarity index was calculated. The indices were found to be highly significantly correlated with genetic distances obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In those comparisons where a pedigree relationship could be calculated, a non-significant correlation with similarity indices was obtained. Certain cultivar pair relationships, a minority of the whole, were incorrectly predicted by the isozyme technique. Caution is indicated when this technique is the only basis of assigning relationship. In a few cases, the similarity indices pointed either to close genetic relationships or the lack of such relationships, whereas the reverse is known from pedigree or PCA distance estimates. The reason for such discrepancies is discussed. Some isozymes were unique to a certain tissue, while others were present in more than one. Upon the compilation of bands from all the cultivars, for the leaf, stem, and root tissues respectively. 6, 4, and 0 EST, 9, 10, and 8 PHOS, and 7, 6, and 7 PER bands were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023706
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