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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature acclimation of net photosynthesis in relation to growth of a cold hardy Chrysanthemum (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 39 (1979), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Direct and interactive effects of daylength and temperature preconditioning of above- and below-ground parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Astrid’ are examined in relation to net photosynthesis. Most previous work on thermal preconditioning has concentrated on the effects of a given thermal regime on entire plants, without attempts to separate the effects of temperature acting on shoots vs. below-ground organs (roots and rhizomes). Vegetatively propagated cuttings were placed under 2 different photoperiods and 4 different thermal regimes for a total of 8 treatments. Subsequent to 40-day preconditioning regimes, the temperature-dependence of net photosynthesis was determined between 8 and 40 degrees C under a photon flux density of about 540 μE·m-2·s-1. The photosynthetic rate data were treated by multiple analysis of variance to examine direct and interactive factor effects. Each of the preconditioning factors (daylength, shoot preconditioning temperature, root preconditioning temperature) individually affected the measured photosynthesis rates, and the effects were very highly significant (p〈0.001). In the two-way interactive effects, both daylength X shoot environment, and shoot environment X root environment were very highly significant (p〈0.001) and daylength X root environment was significant (p〈0.05). Comparison of sums of squares indicated the greatest effect was due to shoot preconditioning environment, while the least important was daylength. Photosynthesis temperature at the time of gas exchange measurements did not interact with the preconditioning temperatures or with daylength, with the implication that preconditioning affected the elevation (absolute rates) of the photosynthesis curves but not the shapes of the curves. The data are further discussed in relation to models of resource allocation and theory of natural selection for optimization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal mycorrhizal colonization of winter wheat and its effect on wheat growth under dryland field conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1998), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Winter wheat ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; Dryland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A field experiment was conducted to determine the seasonal patterns of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system and to determine wheat growth and P uptake responses to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus. Broadcast-incorporated treatments included (1) no inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus, with and without P fertilizer, and (2) mycorrhizal fungal inoculation at a rate of 5000 spores of Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith), per 30 cm in each row, with and without fertilizer P. Winter wheat was seeded within a day after treatments were imposed, and roots were sampled at five growth stages to quantify AM. Shoot samples were also taken for determination of dry matter, grain yield and yield components, and N and P uptake. No AM infection was evident during the fall months following seeding, which was characterized by low soil temperature, while during the spring, the AM increased gradually. Increases in wheat grain yields by enhanced AM were of similar magnitude to the response obtained from P fertilization. However, responses differed at intermediate growth stages. At the tillering stage, P uptake was mainly increased by P fertilization but not by fungal inoculation. At harvest, enhanced AM increased P uptake regardless of whether or not fertilizer P was added. The AM symbiosis increased with rising soil temperatures in the spring, in time to enhance late-season P accumulation and grain production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050226
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic oxidation potentials of aromatic cyanoesters (1987)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 118 (1987), S. 1143-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Cyanoester ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Oxidation potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung von cyclischer Voltametrie wurden die anodischen Oxidationspotentiale einer Serie von 15 substituierten aromatischen Cyanoestern gemessen und analysiert. Zusätzlich zu einer kathodischen Reduktionswelle wurden irreversible anodische Oxidationen beobachtet. Dabei zeigten die verschiedenen Verbindungen je nach dem Substitutionstyp und der Natur des aromatischen Kerns unterschiedliche Potentialwerte.
    Notes: Abstract Using cyclic voltammetry, the anodic oxidation potentials for a series of 15 substituted aromatic cyanoesters have been measured and analyzed. Irreversible anodic oxidations were observed, in addition to a cathodic reduction wave. The different aromatic species exhibited different potential values, in accordance with the type of the substituent and nature of the aromatic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811287
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new convenient synthetic method for 3,4-diaryl-2,6-piperidinediones (1987)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 118 (1987), S. 987-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Piperidinediones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch saure Hydrolyse der entsprechenden Ethyl-3,4-diaryl-4-cyanobutyrate wurden in einem Schritt (Eintopfreaktion) die 3,4-Diaryl-2,6-piperidindione dargestellt.
    Notes: Abstract A one-pot reaction for the preparation of 3,4-diaryl-2,6-piperidinediones through acid hydrolysis of the corresponding ethyl 3,4-diaryl-4-cyanobutyrates is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00815326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave Assisted Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl Ethers under Solvent-Free Conditions Catalyzed by Clayor a Palladium Complex (1999)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 130 (1999), S. 1175-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Trimethylsilyl ether; Deprotection; Montmorillonite; Microwave; Palladium.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Eine einfache Methode zur Spaltung von Trimethylsilylethern unter Mikrowelleneinwirkung und lösungsmittelfreien Bedingungen in Gegenwart von Montmorillonit K-10 oder einem Palladiumkomplex mit nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary.  A simple method for the cleavage of trimethylsilyl ethers under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in the presence of montmorillonite K-10 or a palladium complex catalyst in almost quantitative yield is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010296
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A robust heuristic for the Generalized Assignment Problem (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 50 (1994), S. 487-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The Generalized Assignment Problem, in the class of NP-hard problems, occurs in a wide range of applications — vehicle packing, computers, and logistics, to name only a few. Previous research has been concentrated on optimization methodologies for the GAP. Because the Generalized Assignment Problem is NP-hard, optimization methods tend to require larger computation times for large-scale problems. This paper presents a new heuristic,Variable-Depth-Search Heuristic (VDSH). We show that on the sets of large test problems, the quality of the solution found by VDSH exceeds that of the leading heuristic by an average of over twenty percent, while maintaining acceptable solution times. On difficult problem instances, VDSH provides solutions having costs 140% less than those found by the leading heuristic. A duality gap analysis of VDSH demonstrates the robustness of our heuristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02085655
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritive value of prickly pear seeds,Opuntia ficus-indica (1983)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Prickly pear ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; chemical composition ; mineral analysis protein quality ; nutritive value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Results are reported on the nutritional quality of prickly pear seeds,Opuntia ficus-indica. The seeds contained 16.6% protein, 17.2% fat, 49.6% fiber and 3.0% ash. The meal showed a high amount of iron (9.45 mg %). The contents of Mg, P, K, Zn and Cu were nutritionally significant contributing approximately 10–20% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of these elements per 100 g of dry weight. The amount of Ca represented less than 10% of the RDA for that element. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and glycine were the most abundant amino acids making nearly half of the total amino acids content. The seeds were rich in sulfur amino acids (methionine + cystine). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid resulting in a chemical score of 62 for the protein. The in-vitro protein digestibility and the calculated protein efficiency ratio were 77% and 1.82 compared to 90% and 2.50, respectively, for ANRC casein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093742
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconductivity in Y-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 1 (1990), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Y-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductor (Ca0.2Y0.3Ba0.5CuO3−z ) was prepared under different heat treatments and sintering conditions. Electrical resistance measurements from ambient temperature to 77 K show that four of the five samples were single-phase superconductors withT c in the range 82 to 85 K. The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed an orthorhombic perovskite type structure for all samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696079
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconductivity in Y-Ba-Na-Cu-O (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 814-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277982
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response and nitrogen utilization efficiency by drip-irrigated potato (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 54 (1999), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Fertigation ; trickle-irrigation ; N utilization efficiency ; calcareous soil ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in the Jordan Valley to evaluate potato response to N fertigation. Nitrogen as ammonium sulphate was supplied through irrigation water (fertigation) at rates of 0, 35, 70 and 105 mg N l-1. Soil N application treatment equivalent to the fertigation treatment of 70 mg N l-1 was included. 15N labelled ammonium sulphate was used to evaluate the N recovery and utilization efficiency. Yield increased by the N rate. The soil N application gave higher yield than the zero N and lower than the fertigated treatments. The increase in yield was due to the increase in the size of the tubers. The specific gravity was the highest with the zero N. The index ratios of potato tubers were similar with all treatments. The N derived from fertilizers by both tubers and shoots, increased with the N rate regardless of the method of application. The soil application treatments had fertilizer utilization as high as the fertigation treatments and produced total tuber yield not significantly different from that obtained by the fertigation treatment with similar rate. This might be attributed to the poor fertilizer distribution in the root zone in the fine textured soil. The low value of the fertilizer utilization of the plant receiving the 15N in the preceding season suggested possibilities of rapid transformation and immobilization by the soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009855426670
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