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  • 1
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    Evaluación del potencial antidepredador de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Todos los organismos han desarrollado evolutivamente mecanismos que les permiten defenderse de otros, garantizar su permanencia temporalmente y evitar el ataque de depredadores. Uno de estos mecanismos es la defensa química, mediante la cual los depredadores potenciales de los organismos son disuadidos de consumir su presa. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad disuasora de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas del Caribe colombiano, sobre el pez arrecifal generalista Stegastes partitus. Se encontró que el extracto de Cribrochalina infundibulum actuó como un atrayente para estos depredadores potenciales, mientras que sólo los extractos de las esponjas Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma gyroderma y Biemna cribaria fueron disuasores; además, se observó que esas tres últimas esponjas también cuentan con aparentes defensas físicas, indicando que la presencia de mecanismos de defensa químicos y físicos no son necesariamente excluyentes.
    Description: Evaluation of the feeding deterrent potential of crude organic extracts from fifteen marine sponges. Organisms have developed diverse mechanisms during their evolution, to defend themselves from predators and competitors, in order to ensure temporal permanence. One of these mechanisms is chemical defense. Chemical substances are used by some organisms to deter potential predators from devouring them. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the organic crude extracts of fifteen different marine sponges from the Colombian Caribbean to deter a potential predator, the generalist reef fish Stegastes partitus. It was found that Cribrochalina infundibulum extract acted as a feedingattractant to this particular predator, while only the extracts from Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma gyroderma and Biemna cribaria were feeding deterrants; it was also observed that the latter three also presented apparent physical defenses, showing that chemical and physical defenses are not necessarily excluding.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Feeding deterrence; Crude organic extract; Marine sponges
    Keywords: Chemical ecology ; Feeding deterrents ; Sponges ; Predators ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 2
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    Determinación de la capacidad antiepibiótica de los extractos orgánicos crudos de las esponjas marinas Cribrochalina infundibulum y Biemna cribaria (2007)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: As a contribution to the biological knowledge about the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina and the use of this information as a tool to generate conservation and management strategies for this threatened species, a study about its annual growth rate, in different reef areas in Santa Marta and the National Natural Park Tayrona in the Colombian Caribbean took place. Manual measurements of 35 colonies were analyzed and images of 11 colonies were recorded in the beginning and in the end of the field stage. The annual growth rate varies among colonies and areas where measurements were taken. The average annual growth rate obtained with both of the methods was high and oscillated between 7.6 and 8.1 cm/year in height and between 6.9 and 8.3 cm/year wide. The total area of the colonies increased 246.1 cm2/year. These high rates suggest that the study area has the ideal features for the optimal development of the species. Eventhough, these features may be limited by environmental, biological and anthropic changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Antifouling, Organic extracts, Cribrochalina infundibulum, Biemna Cribaria
    Keywords: Environmental impact ; Antifouling substances ; Environmental impact ; Fans
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 3
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    Analysis of WRF Model Wind Estimate Sensitivity to Physics Parameterization Choice and Terrain Representation in Andalusia (Southern Spain) (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-01
    Description: This paper reports on an evaluation of the relative roles of choice of parameterization scheme and terrain representation in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, in the context of a regional wind resource assessment. As a first step, 32 configurations using two different schemes for microphysics, cumulus, planetary boundary layer (PBL), or shortwave and longwave radiation were evaluated. In a second step, wind estimates that were obtained from various experiments with different spatial resolution (1, 3, and 9 km) were assessed. Estimates were tested against data from four stations, located in southern Spain, that provided hourly wind speed and direction data at 40 m above ground level. Results from the first analysis showed that wind speed standard deviation (STD) and bias values were mainly sensitive to the PBL parameterization selection, with STD differences up to 10% and bias differences between −15% and 10%. The second analysis showed a weak influence of spatial resolution on the STD values. On the other hand, the bias was found to be highly sensitive to model spatial resolution. The sign of the bias depended on terrain morphology and the spatial resolution, but absolute values tended to be much higher with coarser spatial resolution. Physical configuration was found to have little impact on wind direction distribution estimates. In addition, these estimates proved to be more sensitive to the ability of WRF to represent the terrain morphology around the station than to the model spatial resolution itself.
    Print ISSN: 1558-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-8432
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 4
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    Analysis of Spatiotemporal Balancing between Wind and Solar Energy Resources in the Southern Iberian Peninsula (2012)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: Electricity from wind and, to a lesser extent, solar energy is intermittent and not controllable. Unlike conventional power generation, therefore, this electricity is not suitable to supply base-load electric power. In the future, with greater penetration of these renewable sources, intermittency and control problems will become critical. Here, the authors explore the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for analyzing spatiotemporal balancing between regional solar and wind energy resources. The CCA allows optimal distribution of wind farms and solar energy plants across a territory to minimize the variability of total energy input into the power supply system. The method was tested in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula, a region covering about 350 000 km2. The authors used daily-integrated wind and solar energy estimates in 2007 from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, at a spatial resolution of 9 km. Results showed valuable balancing patterns in the study region, but with a marked seasonality in strength, sign, and spatial coverage. The autumn season showed the most noteworthy results, with a balancing pattern extending almost over the entire study region. With location of reference wind farms and photovoltaic (PV) plants according to the balancing patterns, their combined power production shows substantially lower variability than production of the wind farms and PV plants separately and combined production obtained with any other locations. Atmospheric circulations associated with the balancing patterns were found to be significantly different between seasons. In this regard, synoptic-scale variability played an important role, but so did topographic conditions, especially near the Strait of Gibraltar.
    Print ISSN: 1558-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-8432
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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