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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct-drive laser-fusion experiments with the OMEGA, 60-beam, 〉40 kJ, ultraviolet laser system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2108-2112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: OMEGA, a 60-beam, 351 nm, Nd:glass laser with an on-target energy capability of more than 40 kJ, is a flexible facility that can be used for both direct- and indirect-drive targets and is designed to ultimately achieve irradiation uniformity of 1% on direct-drive capsules with shaped laser pulses (dynamic range (approximately-greater-than)400:1). The OMEGA program for the next five years includes plasma physics experiments to investigate laser–matter interaction physics at temperatures, densities, and scale lengths approaching those of direct-drive capsules designed for the 1.8 MJ National Ignition Facility (NIF); experiments to characterize and mitigate the deleterious effects of hydrodynamic instabilities; and implosion experiments with capsules that are hydrodynamically equivalent to high-gain, direct-drive capsules. Details are presented of the OMEGA direct-drive experimental program and initial data from direct-drive implosion experiments that have achieved the highest thermonuclear yield (1014 DT neutrons) and yield efficiency (1% of scientific breakeven) ever attained in laser-fusion experiments. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871662
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron-induced background in charge-coupled device detectors : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 801-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The inertial confinement fusion (ICF) community must become more cognizant of the neutron-induced background levels in charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors that are replacing film as the recording medium in many ICF diagnostics. This background degrades the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the recorded signals and for the highest-yield shots comprises a substantial fraction of the pixel's full well capacity. CCD detectors located anywhere in the OMEGA Target Bay are precluded from recording high precision signals (SNR〉30) for deuterium–tritium neutron yields greater than 1013. CCDs make excellent calibrated neutron detectors. The average CCD background level is proportional to the neutron yield, and we have measured a linear response over four decades. The spectrum of deposited energy per pixel is heavily weighted to low energies, 〈50 keV, with a few isolated saturated pixels. Most of the background recorded by the CCDs is due to secondary radiation produced by interactions of the primary neutrons with all the materials in the Target Bay as well as the shield walls and the floor. Since the noise source comes from all directions it is very difficult to shield. The fallback position of using film instead of CCD cameras for high-neutron-yield target shots is flawed, as we have observed substantially increased fog levels on our x-ray recording film as a function of the neutron yield. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319871
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting microwave undulator : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1805-1808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have studied the possibility of using a superconducting microwave cavity resonator as an undulator. A small cavity, made from bulk niobium, has been built and tested. The cavity has an elliptical cross section in order to force a linearly polarized oscillation mode. The TE118 mode has been chosen as the most suitable. Fields of about 300 G have been obtained with 10 W of microwave power. Fields up to 1 kG are reachable with niobium of higher thermal conductivity and better surface treatment. A circular cross-section cavity, where left- or right-handed helical fields can be excited, is also briefly studied. If used as an undulator this cavity produces circularly polarized radiation which can be switched in short times from left- to right-handed polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic value of odd-integer half-harmonic emission from laser-produced plasmas (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 2570-2579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diagostic value of odd-integer half-harmonic emission from laser-produced plasmas is evaluated in the light of recent spectral measurements on UV irradiation experiments. It has been found that under certain conditions a sharp, slightly red-shifted feature is observed in the ω/2 spectra. This feature has been identified with a particular mode of the 2ωp decay instability for which one of the plasmon wave vectors vanishes. This feature is eminently well suited for coronal electron temperature measurements. Another half-harmonic (blue-shifted) feature is more easily observed and may serve as a secondary—though less accurate—temperature diagnostic. In contrast, the spectral splitting of the (3)/(2) harmonic emission proved to be ill suited for temperature diagnostics because of its sensitivity to irradiation and observation geometry. Either ω/2 or 3ω/2 emission is, however, a good qualitative indicator for the presence of the 2ωp decay instability although quantitative inferences on the level of the 2ωp decay instability are not possible at this point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865265
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of sequential polypeptides containing L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid residues (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 2211-2230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of a series of sequential polypeptides with the repeating sequences Aze-Pro-Aze, Pro-Aze-Pro, Pro-Aze-Gly, Aze-Pro-Gly, Ala-Aze-Gly, Aze-Ala-Gly, and Pro-Pro-Gly are reported. The polymers were prepared by the active ester method, using the p-nitrophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, and N-hydroxysuccinimide esters as the polymerizable tripeptide derivatives. Except for poly(Ala-Aze-Gly) obtained via the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, all polymers were isolated in good yields and have weight-average molecular weights in the range 10,000-30,000. The molecular weights have been determined by applying the calibrated gel chromatography system described by Fairweather et al. [J. Chromatogr. (1972) 67, 157] and by viscometry. All di- and tripeptide intermediates were chemically and optically pure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360141016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational properties of the sequential polyproline analogs poly(Pro-Aze-Pro) and poly(Aze-Pro-Aze) (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 15 (1976), S. 1233-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The lack of the positive band at around 226 nm in the CD spectra of poly(prolyl-azetidine-2-carbonyl-proline) in trifluoroethanol and of poly(azetidine-2-carbonyl-prolyl-azetidine-2-carboxylic) acid in F3EtOH and water, the hyperchromism of the absorption maximum at about 202 nm, and the extremely small intensity of the Cβ-Pro, Cγ-Pro, and Cβ-Aze signals for the cis peptide bonds in the 13C nmr spectrum of poly(Pro-Aze-Pro) in F3EtOH indicate that both polyproline analogs exist as disordered chains in this solvent, the trans peptide group being maintained. The disordering of the chains is attributed to an increase in the accessible range of ψ due to the reduced dimensions of the square ring of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid residue relative to the pyrrolidine ring of proline and to strong interactions of the haloalcohol with the peptide groups of the chains.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1976.360150702
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution conformations of some azetidine cyclic peptidesThis is paper xxi of the series “Cyclic Peptides.” Paper XX of this series (Boni et al.) (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 2401-2413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H-nmr spectra (270 MHz) of cyclic di- and tri-L-azatidine-2-carboxylic acid [cy-clo(L-Aze)2 and cyclo(L-Aze)3] were determined in CDCl3 and D2O and computer simulated. The spectral results were compared with those obtained with cyclo (L-Pro)2 and cyclo (L,-Pro)3. In CDCl3 and D2O solution, the four membered ring of cyclo (L-Aze)2 is puckered with the α-proton in a pseudo-axial position, and the φ angle is smaller in absolute value than -60°, as found for cyclo (L-Pro)2,. The puckering of the four-membered ring of cyclo(L,-Aze)3 in CDCl3 has the α-proton in a pseudo-equatorial position and φ angle larger in absolute value than -60°, in agreement with cyclo(L-Pro)3. In D2O, cyclo(L-Aze)3 was found to interconvert rapidly between different conformers. In the azetidine cyclic peptides studied, the range of values found for the φ angles was smaller than in the related proline cyclic peptides, indicating greater rigidity in the four-membered ring.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360171009
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and circular dichroism characterization of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid cyclic peptidesThis is paper XX of the series “Cyclic Peptides.” For the previous paper in this series, see Baron et al. (1977) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 8299-8306. (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 2385-2399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several cyclic hemopeptides containing L-azetidine-2-carboxylix acid (Aze) - an imino acid homologous with proline but containing one less methylene group in its cyclic side chain - have been prepared. The peptides reported include (Aze)2, cyclo(Aze)3, and cyclo(Aze)6. The synthesis and spectral characterization of these cyclic peptides are described, and the results discussed in terms of the rigidity and steric constraints attributable to Aze-containing peptides. CD spectra of these materials in several solvents are reported and compared with those of proline analogs; the similarity between the CD spectra of cyclo(Aze)3 and cyclo (Pro)3, is noted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360171008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of block and random copolymers of amino acids by TGA (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 10 (1971), S. 2049-2049 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360101021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of block and random copolymers of α-amino-acids by thermogravimetric analysis (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1539-1542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1970.360091213
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