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  • 1
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    Effect of top electrode material on radiation-induced degradation of ferroelectric thin film structures (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-12
    Description: The effects of gamma irradiation on the dielectric and piezoelectric responses of Pb[Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 ]O 3 (PZT) thin film stacks were investigated for structures with conductive oxide (IrO 2 ) and metallic (Pt) top electrodes. The samples showed, generally, degradation of various key dielectric, ferroelectric, and electromechanical responses when exposed to 2.5 Mrad (Si) 60 Co gamma radiation. However, the low-field, relative dielectric permittivity, ε r , remained largely unaffected by irradiation in samples with both types of electrodes. Samples with Pt top electrodes showed substantial degradation of the remanent polarization and overall piezoelectric response, as well as pinching of the polarization hysteresis curves and creation of multiple peaks in the permittivity-electric field curves post irradiation. The samples with oxide electrodes, however, were largely impervious to the same radiation dose, with less than 5% change in any of the functional characteristics. The results suggest a radiation-induced change in the defect population or defect energy in PZT with metallic top electrodes, which substantially affects motion of internal interfaces such as domain walls. Additionally, the differences observed for stacks with different electrode materials implicate the ferroelectric–electrode interface as either the predominant source of radiation-induced effects (Pt electrodes) or the site of healing for radiation-induced defects (IrO 2 electrodes).
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    The 2015 Illapel earthquake, central Chile, a type case for a characteristic earthquake? (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: On September 16, 2015, the M W =8.2 Illapel megathrust earthquake ruptured the Central Chilean margin. Combining inversions of displacement measurements and seismic waveforms with high frequency (HF) teleseismic backprojection we derive a comprehensive description of the rupture, which also predicts deep-ocean tsunami waveheights. We further determine moment tensors and obtain accurate depth estimates for the aftershock sequence. The earthquake nucleated near the coast but then propagated to the north and updip, attaining a peak slip of 5–6 m. In contrast, HF seismic radiation is mostly emitted downdip of the region of intense slip, and arrests earlier than the long period rupture, indicating smooth slip along the shallow plate interface in the final phase. A superficially similar earthquake in 1943 with a similar aftershock zone had a much shorter source time function, which matches the duration of HF seismic radiation in the recent event, indicating that the 1943 event lacked the shallow slip.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Upgrade of Langmuir probe diagnostic in ITER-like tungsten mono-block divertor on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-12
    Description: In order to withstand rapid increase in particle and power impact onto the divertor and demonstrate the feasibility of the ITER design under long pulse operation, the upper divertor of the EAST tokamak has been upgraded to actively water-cooled, ITER-like tungsten mono-block structure since the 2014 campaign, which is the first attempt for ITER on the tokamak devices. Therefore, a new divertor Langmuir probe diagnostic system (DivLP) was designed and successfully upgraded on the tungsten divertor to obtain the plasma parameters in the divertor region such as electron temperature, electron density, particle and heat fluxes. More specifically, two identical triple probe arrays have been installed at two ports of different toroidal positions (112.5-deg separated toroidally), which can provide fundamental data to study the toroidal asymmetry of divertor power deposition and related 3-dimension (3D) physics, as induced by resonant magnetic perturbations, lower hybrid wave, and so on. The shape of graphite tip and fixed structure of the probe are designed according to the structure of the upper tungsten divertor. The ceramic support, small graphite tip, and proper connector installed make it possible to be successfully installed in the very narrow interval between the cassette body and tungsten mono-block, i.e., 13.5 mm. It was demonstrated during the 2014 and 2015 commissioning campaigns that the newly upgraded divertor Langmuir probe diagnostic system is successful. Representative experimental data are given and discussed for the DivLP measurements, then proving its availability and reliability.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Anomalous temperature dependence of field emission from W18O49 nanowires caused by surface states and field penetration (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-02
    Description: In this paper, we studied how field emission from thermally evaporated W 18 O 49 nanowires depended on temperature. As the temperature changed from 300 K to 723 K, we found anomalous changes in emission current. Below an applied field of ∼12.5 V μ m −1 , the emission current tended to increase with rising temperature, while above 12.5 V μ m −1 the current depended less on temperature in the range of 573–723 K. Furthermore, at high temperatures, we found the Fowler-Nordheim plots of these nanowires to be nonlinear. We believe that the anomalous behavior is associated with surface states at low fields and field penetration at high fields.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    (Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn)2As2: A new spin and charge doping decoupled diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: Here, we report the successful synthesis of a spin- and charge-decoupled diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn) 2 As 2 , crystallizing into the hexagonal CaAl 2 Si 2 structure. The compound shows a ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature up to 33 K with 10% Na doping, which gives rise to carrier density of n p  ∼ 10 20  cm −3 . The new DMS is a soft magnetic material with H C  
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Improved production of Br atoms near zero speed by photodissociating laser aligned Br2 molecules (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: We theoretically investigated the improvement on the production rate of the decelerated bromine (Br) atoms near zero speed by photodissociating laser aligned Br 2 precursors. Adiabatic alignment of Br 2 precursors exposed to long laser pulses with duration on the order of nanoseconds was investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The dynamical fragmentation of adiabatically aligned Br 2 precursors was simulated and velocity distribution of the Br atoms produced was analyzed. Our study shows that the larger the degree of the precursor alignment, ⟨cos 2  θ⟩, the higher the production rate of the decelerated Br atoms near zero speed. For Br 2 molecules with an initial rotational temperature of ∼1 K, a ⟨cos 2  θ⟩ value of ∼0.88 can result in an improvement factor of over ∼20 on the production rate of the decelerated Br atoms near zero speed, requiring a laser intensity of only ∼1 × 10 12 W/cm 2 for alignment.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Functional and Structural Effects of Layer Periodicity in Chemical Solution-Deposited Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-30
    Description: This work investigates the role of crystallization layers’ periodicity and thickness on functional response in chemical solution-deposited lead zirconate titanate thin films, with periodic, alternating Zr and Ti gradients normal to the surface of the film. The films were processed with a range of layer periodicities and similar total film thickness, in order to relate the number of layers and compositional oscillations to structural and functional response changes. Trends of increased extrinsic contributions to the dielectric and ferroelectric responses are observed with increasing layer periodicity, but are counterpointed by simultaneous reduction of intrinsic contributions to the same. Transmission electron microscopy reveals in-plane crystallographic discontinuity at individual crystallization interfaces. Samples with smaller periodicity, and thus thinner layers, potentially suffer from grain size refinement and subsequent reduction in domain size, thereby limiting extrinsic contributions to the response. The strong compositional oscillations in samples with larger periodicity result in deep fluctuations to the tetragonal side of the phase diagram, potentially reducing intrinsic contributions to the response. Conversely, piezoresponse force microscopy results suggest that large chemical oscillations in samples with larger periodicity also result in closer proximity to the morphotropic phase boundary, as evidenced by local acoustic softening at switching, signaling potential field-induced phase transitions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    The impact of higher-order ionospheric effects on estimated tropospheric parameters in Precise Point Positioning (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-30
    Description: The impact of higher-order ionospheric effects on the estimated station coordinates and clocks in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is well documented in literature. Simulation studies reveal that higher-order ionospheric effects have a significant impact on the estimated tropospheric parameters as well. In particular, the tropospheric north-gradient component is most affected for low- and mid-latitude stations around noon. In a practical example we select a few hundred stations randomly distributed over the globe, in March 2012 (medium solar activity) and apply/do not apply ionospheric corrections in PPP. We compare the two sets of tropospheric parameters (ionospheric corrections applied/not applied) and find an overall good agreement with the prediction from the simulation study. The comparison of the tropospheric parameters with the tropospheric parameters derived from the ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis shows that ionospheric corrections must be consistently applied in PPP and the orbit and clock generation. The inconsistent application results in an artificial station dis-placement which is accompanied by an artificial 'tilting' of the troposphere. This finding is relevant in particular for those who consider advanced GNSS tropospheric products for meteorological studies.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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