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  • Springer  (47)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetospheric plasma analyzer for spacecraft with constrained resources (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1026-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A light-weight, low-power, plasma analyzer is described that can be used for measuring the plasma environments of spacecraft with constrained resources. A unique system using a single electrostatic analyzer coupled to a single array of channel electron multipliers allows measurement of the three-dimensional energy per charge distributions of both ions and electrons over E/q ranges from ∼1 eV/q to (approximately-greater-than)40 keV/q. Particles selected by the analyzer are post-accelerated into the multipliers to maintain sensitivity for the lowest energy particles. An instrument using this concept called the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) is described. Presently, three MPAs are in geosynchronous orbits (GEO) aboard spacecraft with International Designators of 1989-046, 1990-095, and 1991-080. The MPA and its response characteristics are described, and examples of on-orbit data showing some of the MPA capabilities are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronal mass ejections: The link between solar and geomagnetic activityf| (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2638-2645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coronal mass ejections are spectacular manifestations of solar activity in which 10+15–10+16 g of solar material are propelled outward into interplanetary space. Recent work has demonstrated that these events are the prime link between solar activity and large, nonrecurrent geomagnetic storms, closing a loop in a body of research extending back more than 130 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860701
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of coronal mass ejection transients with other forms of solar activity (1979)
    Springer
    Solar physics 61 (1979), S. 201-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coronal mass ejection transients observed with the white light coronagraph on Skylab are found to be associated with several other forms of solar activity. There is a strong correlation between such mass ejection transients and chromospheric Hα activity, with three-quarters of the transients apparently originating in or near active regions. We infer that 40% of transients are associated with flares, 50% are associated with eruptive prominences solely (without flares), and more than 70% are associated with eruptive prominences or filament disappearances (with or without flares). Nine of ten flares which displayed apparent mass ejections of Hα-emitting material from the flare site could be associated with coronal transients. Within each class of activity, the more energetic events are more likely to be associated with an observable mass ejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155456
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helium abundance variations in the solar wind (1983)
    Springer
    Solar physics 83 (1983), S. 367-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Helium abundance variations in the solar wind have been studied using data obtained with Los Alamos plasma instrumentation on IMP 6, 7, and 8 from 1971 through 1978. For the first time, average flow characteristics have been determined as a function of helium abundance, A(He). Low and average values of A(He) are each preferentially identified with a different characteristic plasma ‘state’ these correspond to what have previously been recognized as the signatures of interplanetary magnetic field polarity reversals and high speed streams, respectively. Helium enhancements at 1 AU also can be identified with a characteristic plasma state, which includes high magnetic field intensity and low proton temperature. This is further evidence that such enhancements are a signal of coronal transient mass ejections. Long-term averages of A(He) at least partially reflect the relative frequency with which coronal streamers, holes, and transients extend their influence into the ecliptic plane at 1 AU. As a result, there is a real and pronounced solar cycle variation of solar wind H(He).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148286
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency of coronal transients and solar activity (1976)
    Springer
    Solar physics 48 (1976), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The High Altitude Observatory's white light coronagraph aboard Skylab observed some 110 coronal transients - rapid changes in appearance of the corona - during its 227 days of operation. The longitudes of the origins of these transients were not distributed uniformly around the solar surface (51 of the 100 events observed in seven solar rotations arose from a single quadrant of longitude). Further, the frequency of transient production from each segment of the solar surface was well correlated with the sunspot number and Ca ii plage (area × brightness) index in the segment, rotation by rotation. This correlation implies that transients occur more often above strong photospheric and chromospheric magnetic fields, that is, in regions where the coronal magnetic field is stronger and, perhaps, more variable. This pattern of occurrence is consistent with our belief that the forces propelling transient material outward are, primarily, magnetic. A quantitative relation between transient production from an area and the Zürich sunspot number appropriate to that area is derived, and we speculate that the relation is independent of phase in the solar activity cycle. If true, the Sun may give rise to as many as 100 white light coronal transients per month at solar cycle maximum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153339
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    White light and radio studies of the coronal transient of 14–15 September 1973 (1976)
    Springer
    Solar physics 49 (1976), S. 369-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of a coronal transient event were obtained in white light by the Skylab coronagraph and at metric wavelengths by the radioheliograph and spectrograph at Culgoora and the spectrograph-interferometer at Boulder. The continuum radio burst was found to originate above the outward-moving white light loop - a region of compressed material headed by a bow wave. The computed density in the region of radio emission, based on either gyro-synchrotron or harmonic plasma radiation mechanisms, was approximately 10 times the ambient coronal density; this is compatible with the density deduced from the white light observations. The magnetic energy density derived from the radio observations was greater than 10 times the thermal energy density, marginally larger than the kinetic energy density in the fastest moving portion of the transient, and considerably larger in most other regions. The ambient medium, the white light front, the compression region, the loop, and the slower, massive flow of material behind are each examined. It is found that the plasma was magnetically controlled throughout, and that magnetic forces provided the principal mechanism for acceleration of the transient material from the Sun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162459
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 160 (1995), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679094
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The large coronal transient of 10 June 1973 (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 42 (1975), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the 8.5 month flight of the High Altitude Observatory's white light coronagraph on board Skylab, over 100 coronal transients were observed. In this paper we present a description of one well observed loop transient, that of 10 June 1973. The transient apparently resulted from the eruption of a quiescent prominence on the limb; the emergence of a new, bipolar active region near the prominence may have caused the eruptior. The transient's leading edge rose from 3.6 to 5.0 solar radii (R ⊙) from Sun center at approximately 500 km s−1 during the 32 min of coronagraph observations. Material in a pre-existing streamer was swept away by the transient, causing the streamer to disappear. The mass ejected into the corona above a projected height of 2 R ⊙ was ≈ 5.4 × 1015 g, the potential energy associated with the ejected transient material was ⩾7.0 × 1030 erg, and the kinetic energy of the ejected material is estimated as 1.7 × 1030 erg. The 10 June 1973 transient was, in most respects, typical of other loop transients observed by Skylab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153293
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comment on the detection of closed magnetic structures in the solar wind (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 39 (1974), S. 405-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has recently been suggested that the large scale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field can be deduced solely from solar wind speed measurements. Here it is emphasized that, in addition to speed measurements, direct measurements of the interplanetary field and indirect diagnostics such as measurements of the solar wind kinetic temperature and galactic and solar energetic particle modulations and anisotropics are required to distinguish between open and closed magnetic structures in the solar wind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162433
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observations of a flare related coronal and solar wind disturbance (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 40 (1975), S. 439-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Numerous mass ejections from the Sun have been detected with orbiting coronagraphs. Here for the first time we document and discuss the direct association of a coronagraph observed mass ejection, which followed a 2B flare, with a large interplanetary shock wave disturbance observed at 1 AU. Estimates of the mass (2.4 × 1016 g) and energy content (1.1 × 1032 erg) of the coronal disturbance are in reasonably good agreement with estimates of the mass and energy content of the solar wind disturbance at 1 AU. The energy estimates as well as the transit time of the disturbance are also in good agreement with numerical models of shock wave propagation in the solar wind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162390
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