Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
A batch culture experiment was conducted to study the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) and solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) on the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Cells were incubated in 7-days trials under four treatments. Physiological (growth, pigments, UVabc) and toxicity (hemolytic activity and its toxicity to zebrafish embryos) response variables were measured in four treatments, representing two factorial combinations of CO2 (400 and 1000 μatm) and solar irradiance (with or without UVR). Toxic species K. mikimotoi showed sustained growth in all treatments, and there was not statistically significant difference among four treatments. Cell pigment content decreased, but UVabc and hemolytic activity increased in all HC treatments and PAB conditions. The toxicity to zebrafish embryos of K. mikimotoi was not significantly different among four treatments. All HC and UVR conditions and the combinations of HC*UVR (HC-PAB) positively affected the UVabc, hemolytic activity in comparison to the LC*P (LC-P) treatment, and negatively affected the pigments. Ocean acidification (OA) was probably the main factor that affected the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and UVabc, but UVR was the main factor that affected the carotenoid (Caro) and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of OA*UVR on growth, toxicity to zebrafish embryos. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it can be hypothesized that this strain (DP-C32) of K. mikimotoi cells have the efficient mechanisms to endure the combination of ocean acidification and solar UVR. It is assumed that this toxic strain could form harmful bloom and enlarge the threatening to coastal communities, marine animals, even human health under future conditions.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Carotenoids, standard deviation; Carotenoids per cell; Cell density; Cell density, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a per cell; Chromista; Day of experiment; Deformation rate; Deformation rate, standard deviation; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Haemolytic activity; Haemolytic activity, standard deviation; Immunology/Self-protection; Karenia mikimotoi; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Myzozoa; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Optical density; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Ratio; Ratio, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Single species; Solar radiation; Solar ultraviolet radiation; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in hours; Treatment; Type; Ultraviolet absorbing compounds; Ultraviolet absorbing compounds, standard deviation; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Wavelength
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 68105 data points
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