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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterozygosities and allelic frequencies of 358 dinucleotide-repeat marker loci in the Japanese population (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 43 (1998), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Microsatellite ; Heterozygosity ; Japanese ; population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 64 normal Japanese chromosomes to determine the heterozygosities and allelic frequencies of 358 dinucleotide-repeat marker loci spanning the whole human genome. Comparisons of the data for each marker in the Japanese population sample with data for the same markers among Caucasian samples in the Genome Database (GDB) revealed a slightly lower average of heterozygosity in Japanese (71% vs 79%). Although the majority of the markers were as informative as in Caucasians, some in our sample were uninformative due to low heterozygosity; 38 loci revealed heterozygosities lower than 50% and 11 of these were less than 30%. Furthermore, allelic distributions at many of the marker loci were quite different in the two racial groups. Since such differences will influence statistical analyses between markers and disease loci, our data will be essential for linkage analyses, sib-ship pair analyses, and association studies involving the Japanese population. Therefore we have archived this database on a home page on the Internet (http://www.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/nakamura/Yamane.html).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050062
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of soybean b-1,3-endoglucanase cDNA and effect on disease tolerance in kiwifruit plants (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAgrobacterium ; Kiwifruit ; β-1 ; 3-Endo-glucanase ; Transformation ; Disease tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Kiwifruit was transformed with a soybean β-1,3-endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter. The introduced gene was expressed in young leaves of the transformants. Assays of protein extracts from young leaves showed an increase in enzyme activity in many transformants, the transformant with the highest level of enzyme activity having an about sixfold increase over the control plants. When leaves from control and three transformants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold disease, the disease lesion areas for two transformants were smaller than on control plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parthenogenesis, apogamy and apospory in Alaria crassifolia (Laminariales) (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 18 (1973), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In cultures of Alaria crassifolia Kjellman, unfertilized eggs developed normally into haploid sporophytes which differentiated into a holdfast, stipe and blade with a midrib. The terminal cells of a male gametophyte grew apogamously into haploid sporophytes with narrow blades which lack the midrib. Further, diploid gametophytes were formed by apospory from vegetative cells of a diploid sporophyte. They were monoecious and their fertilized eggs developed into tetraploid sporophytes. Nuclear phases of the sporophytes and gametophytes concerned were confirmed by cytological observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347797
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) paralarvae near the Kuroshio off southern Kyushu, Japan (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and abundance of Japanese common squid [Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup, 1880)] paralarvae off southern Kyushu Island near the Kuroshio were examined in relation to water types in the region. Surveys were conducted in 1996 and 1997 using paired, 70 cm diameter Bongo nets. Temperature–salinity plots from 0, 50 and 100 m depths were used to assign sampling stations to three water types: inshore, mixing and Kuroshio. In total, 4103 T. pacificus paralarvae were collected at 59 of 72 stations. Catch densities at positive stations ranged between 8 and 4282 ind./50 m2 sea surface area. Catches during both years were highest in mixing waters, followed by inshore and Kuroshio waters. Total catches were highest just north of the oceanographic front at the inshore edge of the Kuroshio and declined with increasing distance away from the front. Catches of paralarvae ≤1.0 mm mantle length also peaked near the front. In both years, ≥85% of all paralarvae and ≥69% of those ≤1.0 mm mantle length occurred less than 25 km from the front. We conclude that most spawning off southwest Kyushu occurs near the frontal zone, where Kuroshio and inshore waters meet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinodal decomposition of Fe−Cr−Ni alloys studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Mössbauer effect, other γ-ray spectroscopy ; Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source X-ray scattering, etc.) ; X-ray Mössbuer and other γ-ray spectroscopic analysis methods ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic calculation of the Fe−Cr−Ni phase diagram suggests that the composition 30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected to be found inside the spinodal line, whereas 16 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected outside at 723 K. These two alloys have been thermally aged for time periods up to 40 minutes at 723K. A significant broadening of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution indicates that Fe-30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni undergoes typical spinodal decomposition in agreement with the calculation. Spinodal decomposition is distinguished from nucleation-growth by a detailed analysis of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458901
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate from phthalate by a membrane-bound two-enzyme system from Rhodococcus erythropolis (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Gram-positive Rhodococcus erythropolis strain S1 formed enzymes for the degradation of phthalate when grown in a phthalate-containing minimal medium. The membrane fraction prepared from phthalate-grown cells by ultrasonication converted phthalate to protocatechuate as the final product. Using two membrane-bound enzymes, phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase (PO) and 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 3,4-dehydrogenase (PH), prepared by solubilization of the membrane fraction, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate was selectively obtained from phthalata. Fe2+ and Mn2+ stimulated the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate by the membrane-bound PO and PH system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050436
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate from phthalate by a membrane-bound two-enzyme system from Rhodococcus erythropolis (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Gram-positive Rhodococcus erythropolis strain S1 formed enzymes for the degradation of phthalate when grown in a phthalate-containing minimal medium. The membrane fraction prepared from phthalate-grown cells by ultrasonication converted phthalate to protocatechuate as the final product. Using two membrane-bound enzymes, phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase (PO) and 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 3,4-dehydrogenase (PH), prepared by solubilization of the membrane fraction, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate was selectively obtained from phthalata. Fe2+ and Mn2+ stimulated the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate by the membrane-bound PO and PH system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218451
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 104 (1999), S. 492-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine) is a common form of human myelopathy with a prevalence of as much as 4% in a variety of ethnic groups. To clarify the genetic factors that predispose to OPLL, we have studied ttw (tiptoe walking), a mouse model that presents ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments similar to OPLL and have found that the ttw phenotype is caused by the nonsense mutation of the gene encoding nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPS), a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to produce inorganic pyrophosphate, a major inhibitor of calcification and mineralization. To investigate a possible role of NPPS in the etiology of OPLL, we have examined its genetic variations in OPLL patients. A total of 323 OPLL patients was screened by means of polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis covering all the exons and their surrounding introns, plus about 1.5-kb of the promoter region. We identified ten nucleotide variations in the NPPS gene; five of the alterations caused amino-acid substitutions, and two of them were found specifically in OPLL patients. Subsequently, we performed an association study using these variations and found a significant association of an allele, viz., a deletion of T at a position 11 nucleotides upstream from the splice acceptor site of intron 20 (IVS20–11delT), with OPLL; the proportion of the individuals having this deletion was significantly higher (P = 0.0029) in OPLL patients than in controls, indicating that those who have this variation may be more susceptible to the abnormal ossification of the spinal ligaments. Thus, our study suggests that NPPS plays an important role in the etiology of human OPLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050993
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of 187 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 41 candidate genes for ischemic heart disease in the Japanese population (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 288-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To investigate whether common variants in the human genetic background are associated with pathogenesis of ischemic heart diseases, we systematically surveyed 41 possible candidate genes for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by directly sequencing 96 independent alleles at each locus, derived from 48 unrelated Japanese patients with myocardial infarction, including 25.8 kb 5' flanking regions, 56.8 kb exonic and 35.4 kb intronic sequences, and 1.8 kb 3' flanking regions. In this genomic DNA of nearly 120 kb, we identified 187 SNPs: 55 in 5' flanking regions, seven in 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), 52 in coding elements, 64 in introns, eight in 3' UTRs, and one in a 3' flanking region. Among the 52 coding SNPs, 26 were non-synonymous changes. Allelic frequencies of some of the polymorphisms were significantly different from those reported in European populations. For example, the Q506R substitution in the coagulation factor V gene, the so-called "Leiden mutation", has a reported frequency of 2.3% in Europeans, but we detected the Leiden mutation in none of the Japanese genomes that we investigated. The allelic frequencies of the –33A〉G SNP in the thrombomodulin gene were also very different; this allele occurred at a 12% frequency in the Japanese patients that we examined, although it had been detected in none of 82 Caucasians reported previously. These data support the hypothesis that some SNPs are specific to particular ethnic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390000247
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a gene disrupted by inv(11)(q13.5;q25) in a patient with left-right axis malformation (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An inv(11)(q13.5;q25) inversion was previously identified in a 9-month-old male patient with complex cyanotic heart defects, altered lung lobation, symmetric liver, and abnormally lobulated spleen (polysplenia). This chromosomal rearrangement was inherited from the phenotypically normal father. We termed these regions DHTX-A (disrupted in heterotaxy) –A at 11q13.5 and DHTX-B at 11q25. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the inversion breakpoints and the gene that is disrupted by the DHTX-A breakpoint. The putative DHTX is identical to the UVRAG gene, which was originally identified as a gene that complements the UV sensitivity of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C. The 4-kb mRNA was found to be encoded by a large gene, at least 300 kb long, composed of 15 exons. The function of the gene product remains largely unknown. However, the near central portion of the UVRAG protein is predicted to contain a coiled-coil domain, which has been implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions. Southern analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the DHTX-A breakpoint in the patient and his father lies within the intron between exons 6 and 7 of UVRAG. Northern blot analysis indicated strong expression in human fetal and adult tissues and in mouse embryonic day-7 and adult tissues, respectively. Whole mount in situ hybridization also showed that the Uvrag gene is expressed in the presomite-stage embryo. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the relationship between the chromosomal inversion and the accompanying phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390000245
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