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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance Raman characterization of highly reduced iron octaethylporphyrin: [Fe(OEP)]n- (n = 0, 1, and 2) (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 109 (1987), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00235a028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Resonance Raman characterization of highly reduced iron octaethylporphyrin: [Fe(OEP)]n- (n = 0, 1, and 2) (1987)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 3
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    The connection between the cusp-to-core transformation and observational universalities of DM haloes (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Observations have revealed interesting universal properties of dark matter (DM) haloes especially around low-mass galaxies. Strigari et al. showed that DM haloes have common enclosed masses within 300 pc (Strigari relation). Kormendy & Freeman reported DM haloes having almost identical central surface densities (the μ 0D relation). In addition, there exists a core–cusp problem, a discrepancy of the central density distribution between simulated haloes and observations. We investigate whether a scenario where cuspy haloes transform into cores by some dynamical processes can also explain their universal structural properties. It is shown that a cusp-to-core transformation model naturally reproduces the μ 0D relation and that Strigari relation follows from the μ 0D relation for dwarf galaxies. We also show that the central densities of cored dark haloes provide valuable information about their formation redshifts.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Diffuse Ly{alpha} haloes around galaxies at z = 2.2-6.6: implications for galaxy formation and cosmic reionization (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: We present diffuse Lyα haloes (LAHs) identified in the composite Subaru narrow-band images of 100–3600 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z  = 2.2, 3.1, 3.7, 5.7, and 6.6. First, we carefully examine potential artefacts mimicking LAHs that include a large-scale point-spread function made by instrumental and atmospheric effects. Based on our critical test with composite images of non-LAE samples whose narrow-band-magnitude and source-size distributions are the same as our LAE samples, we confirm that no artefacts can produce a diffuse extended feature similar to our LAHs. After this test, we measure the scalelengths of exponential profile for the LAHs estimated from our z  = 2.2–6.6 LAE samples of L Lyα 2 10 42  erg s –1 . We obtain the scalelengths of ~=5–10 kpc at z  = 2.2–5.7, and find no evolution of scalelengths in this redshift range beyond our measurement uncertainties. Combining this result and the previously known UV-continuum size evolution, we infer that the ratio of LAH to UV-continuum sizes is nearly constant at z  = 2.2–5.7. The scalelength of our z  = 6.6 LAH is larger than 5-10 kpc just beyond the error bar, which is a hint that the scalelengths of LAHs would increase from z  = 5.7 to 6.6. If this increase is confirmed by future large surveys with significant improvements of statistical and systematical errors, this scalelength change at z 6 would be a signature of increasing fraction of neutral hydrogen scattering Lyα photons, due to cosmic reionization.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Transonic galactic outflows in a dark matter halo with a central black hole and its application to the Sombrero galaxy (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: We have classified possible transonic solutions of galactic outflows in the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo (DMH) and supermassive black hole (SMBH) under the assumptions of isothermal, spherically symmetric and steady state. It is clarified that the gravity of SMBH adds a new branch of transonic solutions with the transonic point in very close proximity to the centre in addition to the outer transonic point generated by the gravity of DMH. Because these two transonic solutions have substantially different mass fluxes and starting points, these solutions may have different influences on the evolution of galaxies and the release of metals into intergalactic space. We have applied our model to the Sombrero galaxy and obtained a new type of galactic outflow: a slowly accelerated transonic outflow through the transonic point at very distant region (~=126 kpc). In this galaxy, previous works reported that although the trace of the galactic outflow is observed by X-ray, the gas density distribution is consistent with the hydrostatic state. We have clarified that the slowly accelerating outflow has a gas density profile quite similar to that of the hydrostatic solution in the widely spread subsonic region. Thus, the slowly accelerating transonic solution cannot be distinguished from the hydrostatic solution in the observed region (≤25 kpc) even if slow transonic flow exists. Our model provides a new perspective of galactic outflows and is applicable even to quiescent galaxies with inactive star formation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Statistical properties of diffuse Ly{alpha} haloes around star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-12
    Description: We present statistical properties of diffuse Lyα haloes (LAHs) around high- z star-forming galaxies with large Subaru samples of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2. We make subsamples defined by the physical quantities of LAEs’ central Lyα luminosities, ultraviolet (UV) magnitudes, Lyα equivalent widths, and UV slopes, and investigate LAHs’ radial surface brightness (SB) profiles and scale lengths r n as a function of these physical quantities. We find that there exist prominent LAHs around LAEs with faint Lyα luminosities, bright UV luminosities, and small Lyα equivalent widths in cumulative radial Lyα SB profiles. We confirm this trend with the anticorrelation between r n and Lyα luminosities (equivalent widths) based on the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient that is = –0.9 (–0.7) corresponding to the 96 per cent (93 per cent) confidence level, although the correlation between r n and UV magnitudes is not clearly found in the rank correlation coefficient. Our results suggest that LAEs with properties similar to typical Lyman-break galaxies (with faint Lyα luminosities and small equivalent widths) possess more prominent LAHs. We investigate scenarios for the major physical origins of LAHs with our results. Because we find relatively small Lyα equivalent widths up to 77 Å in LAHs that include LAEs’ central components, these results suggest that the cold stream scenario is not preferred. There remain two possible scenarios of Lyα scattering in circumgalactic medium and satellite galaxies that cannot be tested with our observational data.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Transonic solutions of isothermal galactic winds in a cold dark matter halo (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-18
    Description: We study fundamental properties of steady, spherically symmetric, isothermal galactic outflows in appropriate gravitational potential models. We aim at constructing a universal scale-free theory not only for galactic winds, but also for winds from clusters/groups of galaxies. In particular, we consider effects of mass–density distribution on the formation of transonic galactic outflows under several models of the density distribution profile predicted by cosmological simulations of structure formation based on the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario. In this study, we have clarified that there exist two types of transonic solutions: outflows from the central region and from a distant region with a finite radius, depending upon the density distribution of the system. The system with a sufficiently steep density gradient at the centre is allowed to have the transonic outflows from the centre. The resultant criterion intriguingly indicates that the density gradient at the centre must be steeper than the prediction of conventional CDM models including Navarro, Frenk & White and Moore et al. This result suggests that an additional steeper density distribution originated by baryonic systems such as the stellar component and/or the central massive black hole is required to realize transonic outflows from the central region. On the other hand, we predict the outflow, which is started at the outskirts of the galactic centre and is slowly accelerated without any drastic energy injection like starburst events. These transonic outflows may contribute secularly to the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Most hydrogen peroxide-induced histone H2AX phosphorylation is mediated by ATR and is not dependent on DNA double-strand breaks (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-29
    Description: The nuclear foci of phosphorylated histone H2AX (H2AX) are frequently used as a marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) following ionizing radiation (IR). However, recent studies reported that H2AX foci do not necessarily correlate with DSBs under other conditions. We showed that H2AX foci induced by oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-treated cells displayed several different features from those induced by IR. The magnitude of H2AX induction was heterogeneous among H 2 O 2 -treated cells. Some cells expressed small discrete H2AX foci, whereas others expressed a gross H2AX signal that was distributed throughout the nucleus. Oxidative stress-induced H2AX was eliminated in DSB repair-deficient mutant cells as efficiently as in wild-type cells and was not necessarily accompanied by phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or 53BP1 foci. Analyses using specific inhibitors showed that ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR), rather than ATM, was the prominent kinase mediating the oxidative stress response. These results suggest that a major fraction of H2AX induced by oxidative stress is not associated with DSBs. Single-stranded DNA arisen from stalled replication forks can cause the ATR-mediated induction of H2AX. However, oxidative stress appeared to induce H2AX in both S- and non-S-phase cells. These results suggest that there may be another pathway leading to the ATR-mediated induction of H2AX in non-S-phase cells without DSBs.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 9
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    Formation of the Andromeda giant stream: asymmetric structure and disc progenitor (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: We focus on the evidence of a past minor merger discovered in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). Previous N -body studies have enjoyed moderate success in producing the observed giant stellar stream (GSS) and stellar shells in M31's halo. The observed distribution of stars in the halo of M31 shows an asymmetric surface brightness profile across the GSS; however, the effect of the morphology of the progenitor galaxy on the internal structure of the GSS requires further investigation in theoretical studies. To investigate the physical connection between the characteristic surface brightness in the GSS and the morphology of the progenitor dwarf galaxy, we systematically vary the thickness, rotation velocity and initial inclination of the disc dwarf galaxy in N -body simulations. The formation of the observed structures appears to be dominated by the progenitor's rotation. Besides reproducing the observed GSS and two shells in detail, we predict additional structures for further observations. We predict the detectability of the progenitor's stellar core in the phase-space density distribution, azimuthal metallicity gradient of the western shell-like structure and an additional extended shell in the north-western direction that may constrain the properties of the progenitor galaxy.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    The nature of the progenitor of the M31 north-western stream: globular clusters as milestones of its orbit (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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