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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (12)
  • 1
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    High-resolution, reconfigurable printing of liquid metals with three-dimensional structures (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉We report an unconventional approach for high-resolution, reconfigurable 3D printing using liquid metals for stretchable, 3D integrations. A minimum line width of 1.9 μm can be reliably formed using direct printing, and printed patterns can be reconfigured into diverse 3D structures with maintaining pristine resolutions. This reconfiguration can be performed multiple times, and it also generates a thin oxide interface that can be effective in preventing the spontaneous penetration of gallium atoms into different metal layers while preserving electrical properties under ambient conditions. Moreover, these free-standing features can be encapsulated with stretchable, conformal passivations. We demonstrate applications in the form of a reconfigurable antenna, which is tunable by changing geometeries, and reversibly movable interconnections used as mechanical switches. The free-standing 3D structure of electrodes is also advantageous for minimizing the number and space between interconnections, which is important for achieving higher integrations, as demonstrated in an array of microLEDs.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Miniaturized, light-adaptive, wireless dosimeters autonomously monitor exposure to electromagnetic radiation (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from the sun and from artificial lighting systems represents a modifiable risk factor for a broad range of health conditions including skin cancer, skin aging, sleep and mood disorders, and retinal damage. Technologies for personalized EMR dosimetry could guide lifestyles toward behaviors that ensure healthy levels of exposure. Here, we report a millimeter-scale, ultralow-power digital dosimeter platform that provides continuous EMR dosimetry in an autonomous mode at one or multiple wavelengths simultaneously, with time-managed wireless, long-range communication to standard consumer devices. A single, small button cell battery supports a multiyear life span, enabled by the combined use of a light-powered, accumulation mode of detection and a light-adaptive, ultralow-power circuit design. Field studies demonstrate single- and multimodal dosimetry platforms of this type, with a focus on monitoring short-wavelength blue light from indoor lighting and display systems and ultraviolet/visible/infrared radiation from the sun.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Electronic control of friction in silicon pn junctions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: A remarkable dependence of the friction force on carrier concentration was found on doped silicon substrates. The sample was a nearly intrinsic n-type Si(100) wafer patterned with 2-micrometer-wide stripes of highly B-doped p-type material. The counter surface was the tip of an atomic force microscope coated with conductive titanium nitride. The local carrier concentration was controlled through application of forward or reverse bias voltages between the tip and the sample in the p and the n regions. Charge depletion or accumulation resulted in substantial differences in friction force. The results demonstrate the capability to electronically control friction in semiconductor devices, with potential applications in nanoscale machines containing moving parts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Jeong Young -- Ogletree, D F -- Thiel, P A -- Salmeron, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Friction anisotropy-driven domain imaging on exfoliated monolayer graphene (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: Graphene produced by exfoliation has not been able to provide an ideal graphene with performance comparable to that predicted by theory, and structural and/or electronic defects have been proposed as one cause of reduced performance. We report the observation of domains on exfoliated monolayer graphene that differ by their friction characteristics, as measured by friction force microscopy. Angle-dependent scanning revealed friction anisotropy with a periodicity of 180 degrees on each friction domain. The friction anisotropy decreased as the applied load increased. We propose that the domains arise from ripple distortions that give rise to anisotropic friction in each domain as a result of the anisotropic puckering of the graphene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jin Sik -- Kim, Jin-Soo -- Byun, Ik-Su -- Lee, Duk Hyun -- Lee, Mi Jung -- Park, Bae Ho -- Lee, Changgu -- Yoon, Duhee -- Cheong, Hyeonsik -- Lee, Ki Ho -- Son, Young-Woo -- Park, Jeong Young -- Salmeron, Miquel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):607-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1207110. Epub 2011 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Monolignol ferulate transferase introduces chemically labile linkages into the lignin backbone (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Redesigning lignin, the aromatic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, to be more amenable to chemical depolymerization can lower the energy required for industrial processing. We have engineered poplar trees to introduce ester linkages into the lignin polymer backbone by augmenting the monomer pool with monolignol ferulate conjugates. Herein, we describe the isolation of a transferase gene capable of forming these conjugates and its xylem-specific introduction into poplar. Enzyme kinetics, in planta expression, lignin structural analysis, and improved cell wall digestibility after mild alkaline pretreatment demonstrate that these trees produce the monolignol ferulate conjugates, export them to the wall, and use them during lignification. Tailoring plants to use such conjugates during cell wall biosynthesis is a promising way to produce plants that are designed for deconstruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkerson, C G -- Mansfield, S D -- Lu, F -- Withers, S -- Park, J-Y -- Karlen, S D -- Gonzales-Vigil, E -- Padmakshan, D -- Unda, F -- Rencoret, J -- Ralph, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):90-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1250161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Angelica sinensis/enzymology/genetics ; Cell Wall/chemistry/metabolism ; Coumaric Acids/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Lignin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots/enzymology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/growth & development ; Populus/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Trees/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    High frictional anisotropy of periodic and aperiodic directions on a quasicrystal surface (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: Strong friction anisotropy is found when the twofold surface of an atomically clean aluminum-nickel-cobalt quasicrystal slides against a thiol-passivated titanium-nitride tip. Friction along the aperiodic direction is one-eighth as much as that along the periodic direction. This anisotropy, which is about three times as large as the highest value observed in anisotropic crystalline surfaces, disappears after the surface is oxidized in air. These results reveal a strong connection between interface atomic structure and the mechanisms by which energy is dissipated, which likely include electronic or phononic contributions, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Jeong Young -- Ogletree, D F -- Salmeron, M -- Ribeiro, R A -- Canfield, P C -- Jenks, C J -- Thiel, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1354-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    EGF-like growth factors as mediators of LH action in the ovulatory follicle (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Before ovulation in mammals, a cascade of events resembling an inflammatory and/or tissue remodeling process is triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian follicle. Many LH effects, however, are thought to be indirect because of the restricted expression of its receptor. Here, we demonstrate that LH stimulation induces the transient and sequential expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members amphiregulin, epiregulin, and beta-cellulin. Incubation of follicles with these growth factors recapitulates the morphological and biochemical events triggered by LH, including cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. Thus, these EGF-related growth factors are paracrine mediators that propagate the LH signal throughout the follicle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Jy-Young -- Su, You-Qiang -- Ariga, Miyako -- Law, Evelyn -- Jin, S-L Catherine -- Conti, Marco -- HD20788/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD31398/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):682-4. Epub 2004 Jan 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Biology and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphiregulin ; Animals ; Betacellulin ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; EGF Family of Proteins ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Epiregulin ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Granulosa Cells/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocytes/physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Ovulation/*physiology ; Paracrine Communication ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Seasonal to multiannual marine ecosystem prediction with a global Earth system model (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Climate variations have a profound impact on marine ecosystems and the communities that depend upon them. Anticipating ecosystem shifts using global Earth system models (ESMs) could enable communities to adapt to climate fluctuations and contribute to long-term ecosystem resilience. We show that newly developed ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions can skillfully predict satellite-derived seasonal to multiannual chlorophyll fluctuations in many regions. Prediction skill arises primarily from successfully simulating the chlorophyll response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and capturing the winter reemergence of subsurface nutrient anomalies in the extratropics, which subsequently affect spring and summer chlorophyll concentrations. Further investigations suggest that interannual fish-catch variations in selected large marine ecosystems can be anticipated from predicted chlorophyll and sea surface temperature anomalies. This result, together with high predictability for other marine-resource–relevant biogeochemical properties (e.g., oxygen, primary production), suggests a role for ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions in dynamic marine resource management efforts.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Oxygen-deficient triple perovskites as highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrode reactions (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: Highly active and durable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts have been of pivotal importance for renewable energy conversion and storage devices, such as unitized regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Perovskite-based oxygen electrocatalysts have emerged as promising nonprecious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts, yet their catalytic activity and stability still remain to be improved. We report a high-performance oxygen electrocatalyst based on a triple perovskite, Nd 1.5 Ba 1.5 CoFeMnO 9– (NBCFM), which shows superior activity and durability for oxygen electrode reactions to single and double perovskites. When hybridized with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO), the resulting NBCFM/N-rGO catalyst shows further boosted bifunctional oxygen electrode activity (0.698 V), which surpasses that of Pt/C (0.801 V) and Ir/C (0.769 V) catalysts and which, among the perovskite-based electrocatalysts, is the best activity reported to date. The superior catalytic performances of NBCFM could be correlated to its oxygen defect–rich structure, lower charge transfer resistance, and smaller hybridization strength between O 2p and Co 3d orbitals.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    How titanium dioxide cleans itself (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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