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    CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Nova proteins are neuron-specific antigens targeted in paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (POMA), an autoimmune neurologic disease characterized by abnormal motor inhibition. Nova proteins regulate neuronal pre-messenger RNA splicing by directly binding to RNA. To identify Nova RNA targets, we developed a method to purify protein-RNA complexes from mouse brain with the use of ultraviolet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP).Thirty-four transcripts were identified multiple times by Nova CLIP.Three-quarters of these encode proteins that function at the neuronal synapse, and one-third are involved in neuronal inhibition.Splicing targets confirmed in Nova-/- mice include c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2, neogenin, and gephyrin; the latter encodes a protein that clusters inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine receptors, two previously identified Nova splicing targets.Thus, CLIP reveals that Nova coordinately regulates a biologically coherent set of RNAs encoding multiple components of the inhibitory synapse, an observation that may relate to the cause of abnormal motor inhibition in POMA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ule, Jernej -- Jensen, Kirk B -- Ruggiu, Matteo -- Mele, Aldo -- Ule, Aljaz -- Darnell, Robert B -- K01 MH64753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS40955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS34389/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1212-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; *Antigens, Neoplasm ; Brain/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Exons ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; RNA Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Indirect punishment and generosity toward strangers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Many people incur costs to reward strangers who have been kind to others. Theoretical and experimental evidence suggests that such "indirect rewarding" sustains cooperation between unrelated humans. Its emergence is surprising, because rewarders incur costs but receive no immediate benefits. It can prevail in the long run only if rewarders earn higher payoffs than "defectors" who ignore strangers' kindness. We provide experimental evidence regarding the payoffs received by individuals who employ these and other strategies, such as "indirect punishment," by imposing costs on unkind strangers. We find that if unkind strangers cannot be punished, defection earns most. If they can be punished, however, then indirect rewarding earns most. Indirect punishment plays this important role, even if it gives a low payoff and is rarely implemented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ule, Aljaz -- Schram, Arthur -- Riedl, Arno -- Cason, Timothy N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1701-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178883.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision-Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.ule@uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; *Punishment ; *Reward ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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