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  • 1
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    Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27 (4). pp. 1236-1245.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-02
    Description: Stratospheric ozone depletion and emission of greenhouse gases lead to a trend of the southern annular mode (SAM) toward its high-index polarity. The positive phase of the SAM is characterized by stronger than usual westerly winds that induce changes in the physical carbon transport. Changes in the natural carbon budget of the upper 100 m of the Southern Ocean in response to a positive SAM phase are explored with a coupled ecosystem-general circulation model and regression analysis. Previously overlooked processes that are important for the upper ocean carbon budget during a positive SAM period are identified, namely, export production and downward transport of carbon north of the polar front (PF) as large as the upwelling in the south. The limiting micronutrient iron is brought into the surface layer by upwelling and stimulates phytoplankton growth and export production but only in summer. This leads to a drawdown of carbon and less summertime outgassing (or more uptake) of natural CO2. In winter, biological mechanisms are inactive, and the surface ocean equilibrates with the atmosphere by releasing CO2. In the annual mean, the upper ocean region south of the PF loses more carbon by additional export production than by the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, highlighting the role of the biological carbon pump in response to a positive SAM event.
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  • 2
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    Insignificant buffering capacity of Antarctic shelf carbonates (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27 (1). pp. 11-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-02
    Description: We combined data sets of measured sedimentary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and satellite-derived pelagic primary production to parameterize the relation between CaCO3 content on the Antarctic shelves and primary production in the overlying water column. CaCO3 content predicted in this way was in good agreement with the measured data. The parameterization was then used to chart CaCO3 content on the Antarctic shelves all around the Antarctic, using the satellite-derived primary production. The total inventory of CaCO3 in the bioturbated layer of Antarctic shelf sediments was estimated to be 0.5 Pg C. This quantity is comparable to the total CO2 uptake by the Southern Ocean in only one to a few years (dependent on the uptake estimate and area considered), indicating that the dissolution of these carbonates will neither delay ocean acidification in this area nor augment the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake capacity.
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  • 3
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    On the role of heat fluxes in the uptake of anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic (2002)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16 (4). pp. 85-1.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: The influence of the overturning circulation on the anthropogenic carbon sink in the North Atlantic is investigated with a simple box model. The net air-sea flux of anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic is the result of two opposing fluxes: The first is the uptake caused by the disequilibrium between the rapidly rising atmospheric pCO2 and the dissolved carbon content in the ocean, depending mainly on the water exchange rate between mixed layer and interior North Atlantic ocean. Superimposed is a second flux, related to the northward transport of heat within the Atlantic basin, that is directed out of the ocean, contrary to conventional wisdom. It is caused by a latitudinal gradient in the ratio of seawater alkalinity to total dissolved inorganic carbon that in turn is related to the cooling and freshening of surface water on its way north. This flux depends strongly on the vertical structure of the upper branch of the overturning circulation and on the distribution of undersaturation and supersaturation of CO2 in Atlantic surface waters. A data-based estimate of anthropogenic carbon inventory in the North Atlantic is consistent with a dominance of the disequilibrium flux over the heat-flux-related outgassing at the present time, but, in our model, does not place a strong constraint on the net anthropogenic air-sea flux. Stabilization of the atmospheric pCO2 on a higher level will change the relative role of the two opposing fluxes, making the North Atlantic a source of anthropogenic carbon to the atmosphere. We discuss implications for the interpretation of numerical carbon cycle models.
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  • 4
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    Exploring the Iron‐Binding Potential of the Ocean Using a Combined pH and DOC Parameterization (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The major part of dissolved iron (DFe) in seawater is bound to organic matter, which prevents iron from adsorptive removal by sinking particles and essentially regulates the residence time of DFe and its availability for marine biota. Characteristics of iron‐binding ligands highly depend on their biological origin and physico‐chemical properties of seawater which may intensely alter under ongoing climate change. To understand environmental controls on the iron binding, we applied a function of pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to describe changes in the binding strength of organic ligands in a global biogeochemical model (REcoM). This function was derived based on calculations using a thermodynamic chemical speciation model NICA. This parameterization considerably improved the modeled DFe distribution, particularly in the surface Pacific and the global mesopelagic and deep waters, compared to our previous model simulations with a constant ligand or one prognostic ligand. This indicates that the organic binding of iron is apparently controlled by seawater pH in addition to its link to organic matter. We tested further the response of this control to environmental changes in a simulation with future pH of a high emission scenario. The response of the binding potential shows a complex pattern in different regions and is regulated by factors that have opposite effects on the binding potential. The relative contributions of these factors can change over time by a continual change of environmental conditions. A dynamic feedback system therefore needs to be considered to predict the marine iron cycle under ongoing climate change.
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  • 5
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    Southern Control of Interhemispheric Synergy on Glacial Marine Carbon Sequestration (2022)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Among mechanisms accounting for atmospheric pCO2 drawdown during glacial periods, processes operating in the North Atlantic (NA) and Southern Ocean (SO) have been proposed to be critical. Their individual and synergic effects during a course of glaciation, however, remain enigmatic. We conducted simulations to examine these effects at idealized glacial stages. Under early-glacial-like conditions, cooling in the SO can trigger an initial pCO2 drawdown while the associated sea ice expansion has little impact on air-sea gas exchange. Under later glacial-like conditions, further cooling in the NA enhances ocean carbon uptake due to a stronger solubility pump, and the SO-induced stronger deep stratification prevents carbon exchange between the deep and upper ocean. Meanwhile, strengthened dust deposition increases the SO contribution to the global biological pump, and CO2 outgassing is suppressed by fully extended sea ice cover. More carbon is then stored in the deep Pacific, acting as a passive reservoir.
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