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  • Other Sources  (19)
  • 1970-1974  (19)
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Year
  • 1
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    Energetic particle storage on the sun (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: The storage of energetic electron and protons of energies much greater than 1 GeV in the solar corona is investigated.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 503-515
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Long term storage of relativistic particles in the solar corona (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Long term storage of relativistic energetic electrons and protons in solar corona from IMP 4 and Pioneer 8 observations related to delayed emission from flares
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; YSICA STATUS SOLIDI
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  • 3
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    Multifarious temporal variations of low-energy relativistic cosmic-ray electrons. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Detailed examination of the intensity variations of 3- to 12-MeV interplanetary electrons. The data are from the Goddard cosmic-ray experiment on the Imp satellites and cover the period from just before the last solar minimum through the onset of the present solar maximum (i.e., from December 1963 through August 1969). A morphology for the intensity changes is tentatively proposed that includes solar-flare-associated events, solar co-rotating increases, Forbush decreases, quiet-time increases, and the long-term 11-year variation. It is contended that the electron components observed both during quiescent times and during quiet-time increases are galactic in origin. The quiet-time increases represent a completely new phenomenon that appears to be unique to the low-energy electron population. During a quiet-time increase the electron intensity is enhanced by a factor of 3 to 5 over a period of days, and, in general, these periods anticorrelate with low-energy solar particle events. Qualitatively, their amplitude diminishes with increasing solar activity.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; May 1
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The nature of relativistic electron intensity changes during solar flare quiet times between 1963 and 1969 (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Time variations of the 3-12 MeV interplanetary electron intensity, observed by the Explorer-18, -28, and -33 spacecrafts, have been studied in detail. Apart from solar flare effects, there are five distinct periods when the electron intensity has undergone a series of increases, and these are strongly correlated with solar rotation. The intensity increases are separate phenomena, and are strikingly anticorrelated with increases in the low energy solar proton intensity. The electron energy spectrum during those quiet-time increases is typically represented by dJ/dE = k E/2.0 + or - 0.25 similar to the galactic electron spectrum. There are, in addition, Forbush decreases in the electron intensity frequently coincident with those in the neutron monitor. It is concluded that these characteristics all support the hypothesis of a galactic origin for the electrons observed during quiet-time increases.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Goddard Space Flight Center Contrib. to the Twelfth Intern. Conf. on Cosmic Rays; p 71-76
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  • 5
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    Electron calibration on a high-energy cosmic ray detector. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The response of the GSFC High Energy Cosmic Ray Detector has been studied using electrons in the energy range from 5.4 to 18 GeV. A semiempirical analytic form has been developed to determine the starting points and the energies of electron-induced cascade showers. The energy resolution thus obtained has a full width at half maximum of 17%, and the starting point can be determined to within 0.1 to 0.2 radiation length. The results of this response calibration provide a basis on which cosmic ray electrons can be reliably identified and analyzed in the presence of a large proton background.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 108; 1973
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  • 6
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    Electronics implementation of the solar neutron experiment (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The electronic equipment design and function are discussed for the solar neutron counter experiment. Circuit diagrams are included.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-126393
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Relativistic electrons from the sun observed by IMP-4. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Evaluation of data obtained from the IMP-4 satellite concerning 0.3- to 12-MeV electrons from the sun between May 24, 1967, and May 2, 1969. Correlations with contemporary proton intensity increases at energies above 1 MeV are studied. The results of this study are the following: (1) the differential electron energy spectrum (0.3 to 12 keV) from solar flares appears to be a constant of the flare process, with the spectral index gamma = (-) 3.0 plus or minus 0.2; (2) particle emission from solar flares contains a prompt component, which is injected into the interplanetary medium beyond the sun and which is responsible for the diffusion characteristics of solar particle events, and a delayed component which is effectively contained in the lower solar atmosphere where it diffuses typically less than or equal to plus or minus 100 deg in longitude and gradually escapes into interplanetary space; the delayed component gives rise to the corotating features commonly observed after the impulsive and diffusive onset from the prompt component; (3) storage of electrons greater than 300 keV and protons greater than 1 MeV is essential to explain emission and propagation characteristics of solar particle events; and (4) the events with low proton/electron ratios all occur at least three weeks after the previous relativistic electron producing flare.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Solar Physics; 22; Jan. 197
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  • 8
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    Earth albedo neutrons from 10 to 100 MeV. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We report the measurement of the energy and angular distributions of earth albedo neutrons from 10 to 100 MeV at 40 deg N geomagnetic latitude from a balloon at 120,000 ft, below 4.65 g/sq cm. The albedo-neutron omnidirectional energy distribution is flat to 50 MeV, then decreases with energy. The absolute neutron energy distribution is of the correct strength and shape for the albedo neutrons to be the source of the protons trapped in earth's inner radiation belt.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 28; Apr. 10
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Electron calibration of a high energy cosmic ray detector (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The spectrum of cosmic ray electrons above 10 GeV was studied extensively. The spectrum is predicted to steepen at an energy which is related to the lifetime of electrons in the interstellar medium against losses due to inverse Compton collisions with photons and to synchrotron radiation in galactic magnetic fields. The experimental results diverge widely; the lack of agreement between the various measurements is due to a variety of experimental problems.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66049 , X-661-72-329
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  • 10
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    A large area detector for neutrons between 2 and 100 MeV (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A neutron detector sensitive from 2 to 100 MeV is described. The detector is designed for high altitude balloon flight to measure the flux, energy and direction of albedo neutrons from the earth and to search for solar neutrons. A neutron scatter from a proton is required in each of two liquid scintillator tanks spaced 1 meter apart. The energy of the recoil proton in the first tank is obtained from pulse height analysis of the scintillator output. The energy of the recoil neutron is obtained from its time of flight between the tanks. The detector has been calibrated with 15.3 MeV neutrons and mu mesons. The minimum detectable flux is 10(-4) neutron/sq cm/sec at a counting rate of one per minute; the energy resolution is 12% at 15 MeV and 30% at 100 MeV. The angle between the incoming neutron and the recoil neutron is measured to + or - 10 deg.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-125913 , IGPP-UCR-72-2
    Format: application/pdf
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