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1

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Effect of zinc sulphate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man (1975)

Penttilä, O. ; Hurme, H. ; Neuvonen, P. J.

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 131-134

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: Drug interaction ; drug absorption ; zinc sulphate ; tetracycline ; doxycycline

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary A possible interaction between zinc sulphate and tetracycline or doxycycline was examined in a cross-over study in seven volunteers. A single dose of zinc sulphate (45 mg Zn++) was given simultaneously with tetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg) or doxycycline chloride (200 mg). The serum concentration of tetracycline, the area under the serum tetracycline concentration-time curve and the excretion of tetracycline in urine were reduced by about 30% (p〈0.05) from the respective control values. The absorption of doxycycline was not influenced significantly by zinc sulphate. The clinical significance of the zinc-tetracycline interaction seems to be of limited importance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614009

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2

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Effect of antiepileptic drugs on the elimination of various tetracycline derivatives (1975)

Neuvonen, P. J. ; Penttilä, O. ; Lehtovaara, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 147-154

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: Drug interaction ; tetracyclines ; doxycycline ; anticonvulsants ; elimination ; half-life

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Elimination of the bacteriostatics tetracycline, doxycycline, methacycline, oxytetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline and chlortetracycline was studied in healthy control persons and in patients on long-term antiepileptic therapy. The half-life of doxycycline was significantly shorter in patients than in the controls. The half-lives of other tetracycline derivatives and their excretion in urine were not significantly different between the two groups. Accordingly, in order to maintain an adequate serum level of doxycycline it should be given twice daily to patients on long-term therapy with barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin or carbamazepine. The classical tetracycline derivatives studied may be administered according to conventional principles.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614011

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3

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Bioavailability of four brands of phenytoin tablets (1975)

Pentikäinen, P. J. ; Neuvonen, P. J. ; Elfving, S. M.

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 213-218

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: Phenytoin ; diphenylhydantoin ; anticonvulsants ; bioavailability ; drug absorption ; generic inequivalence

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the bioavailability of four different brands of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) tablets single doses of 600 mg DPH in acid form were given to six volunteers in a cross-over study. A micronized DPH-acid suspension was used as the reference standard. Significant differences between various products were found. The areas under the serum DPH concentration-time curves (AUC) were 26, 59, 68 and 90 per cent of the AUC of the DPH suspension. The peak serum DPH concentrations using the different tablets were 24, 54, 55 and 80 per cent of the peak value of the DPH suspension. It is likely that the differences in bio-availability of the DPH tablets are of clinical significance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614020

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4

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Effect of exercise on the serum level and urinary excretion of tetracycline, doxycycline and sulphamethizole (1977)

Ylitalo, P. ; Hinkka, H. ; Neuvonen, P. J.

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 367-373

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: Sulphamethizole ; tetracycline ; doxycycline ; rest ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion ; absorption

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The serum level and urinary excretion of sulphamethizole, tetracycline and doxycycline were studied in healthy volunteers subjected to intensive exercise and bed rest in a cross-over trial. Each group consisted of 7–8 subjects. The exercise or bed rest began 15 min before oral administration of the drug and was continued for the following 4 hours. During exercise serum drug concentration and the area under the serum concentration-time curve for each agent was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the corresponding values at rest. Exercise greatly suppressed the renal excretion of tetracycline and doxycycline, but the decrease alone appeared insufficient to account for the pronounced increase in serum drug concentration. Total drug excretion in urine was unchanged. Thus, it seemed most unlikely that overall absorption from the gastrointestinal tract had been altered by exercise. However, the rate of absorption appeared to be more rapid in the exercise than in the rest period. Marked haemoconcentration was not produced by the exercise. In addition to changes in absorption and elimination rates, alteration in the volume of distribution might contribute to the higher serum drug concentration during exercise. Therefore, the level of physical activity should be considered in the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data both in clinical practice and in pharmacokinetic studies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562453

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5

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Reduction of absorption of digoxin, phenytoin and aspirin by activated charcoal in man (1978)

Neuvonen, P. J. ; Elfving, S. M. ; Elonen, E.

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 213-218

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: Activated charcoal ; acute intoxication ; digoxin ; phenytoin ; aspirin ; man

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of activated charcoal 50 g suspended in water on the absorption of digoxin, phenytoin and aspirin was studied in six healthy volunteers in a cross-over manner. The absorption of digoxin and phenytoin were almost completely prevented (about 98%) when activated charcoal was ingested immediately after the drug. The total absorption of aspirin was inhibited by 70%, with clear postponement of absorption and partial release of aspirin from the charcoal in the gut: The peak serum concentration of aspirin was reduced by 95% by charcoal. When activated charcoal was ingested 1 hour after the drugs the inhibition of absorption was considerably less. However, since the absorption of larger doses of the drugs is often slow, the administration of an adequate dose of activated charcoal will be of definite value in the treatment of acute intoxication, even if delayed for several hours.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609985

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6

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Pharmacokinetics of metformin after intravenous and oral administration to man (1979)

Pentikäinen, P. J. ; Neuvonen, P. J. ; Penttilä, Aneri

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 195-202

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: metformin ; biguanides ; pharmacokinetics ; absorption

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The kinetics of14C-metformin have been studied in five healthy subjects after oral and intravenous administration. The intravenous dose was distributed to a small central compartment of 9.9±1.61 ( $$\bar X$$ ±SE), from which its elimination could be described using three-compartment open model. The elimination half-life from plasma was 1.7±0.1 h. Urinary excretion data revealed a quantitatively minor terminal elimination phase with a half-life of 8.9±0.7 h. After the intravenous dose, metformin was completely excreted unchanged in urine with a renal clearance of 454±47 ml/min. Metformin was not bound to plasma proteins. The concentration of metformin in saliva was considerably lower than in plasma and declined more slowly. The bioavailability of metformin tablets averaged 50–60%. The rate of absorption was slower than that of elimination, which resulted in a plasma concentration profile of “flip-flop” type for oral metformin.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562061

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7

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Antipyretic analgesics in patients on antiepileptic drug therapy (1979)

Neuvonen, P. J. ; Lehtovaara, R. ; Bardy, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 263-268

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: analgesics ; carbamazepine ; phenytoin ; phenylbutazone ; acetylsalicylic acid ; drug interactions ; epileptic patients

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The effect of administration for three days of acetylsalicylic acid (1500 mg/day), phenylbutazone (300 mg/day), paracetamol (1500 mg/day) and tolfenamic acid (300 mg/day) on serum concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine were studied in a group of patients on continuous antiepileptic therapy. When measured 10 h after the last dose of the analgesics, the only significant effect was a decrease in total serum phenytoin after three days of phenylbutazone. When six patients on continuous phenytoin therapy took phenylbutazone for two weeks there was at two days an initial decrease, followed by a significant increase in total serum phenytoin and a concomitant increase in free phenytoin in serum. Even phenylbutazone was well tolerated by most of the patients. However, its use had to be discontinued in one patients due to obvious signs of phenytoin intoxication, with concomitant increases in the serum free and total phenytoin concentrations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618515

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