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  • 1
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    Total ozone variations 1970-74 using Backscattered Ultraviolet /BUV/ and ground-based observations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The most long-lived satellite set of ozone observations, to date, is that derived from the Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) ozone sensor on Nimbus 4 and extends from April 1970 through 1976. Unfortunately, this experiment suffered spacecraft power limitations which limited the spatial and temporal coverage and also appears to have suffered from long-term drifts which may be associated with changes in the instrument characteristics or the incident solar flux. Techniques have been developed to account for these problems, and this paper presents results of the BUV total ozone variations and compares them with those from ground-based observations, specifically the computations of Angell and Korshover (1978). After adjustments for the spatial gaps and comparison with concurrent Dobson ground-based observations, no significant trend was found in the BUV data over the years 1970-74. This finding is in contrast to a general decrease of about 2% during the same period appearing in the data of Angell and Korshover. The difference in these results is discussed in terms of the geographic sampling and the methods of hemispheric integration.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 21; May 1982
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Stratospheric ozone changes during the first year of SBUV observations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Synoptic analyses of solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) ozone data have been performed on a daily basis for the first year of Nimbus 7 operation, November 1978 through October 1979, at the standard pressure levels: 30, 10, 5, 2, 1, and 0.4 mbar. By combining these data with the daily NMC meteorological analyses of temperature and geostrophic wind at the same levels, elements of the ozone-temperature relationship as well as the horizontal eddy transports are examined. In particular, the existence of an upper stratospheric high-latitude ozone minimum in winter is discussed, and the eddy fluxes are found to play a significant role in this feature, mainly associated with stratospheric warming pulses. At the same time, monthly average quantities are examined, and standing eddy components are related.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5191-519
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  • 3
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    Analysis of upper stratospheric Umkehr ozone profile data for trends and the effects of stratospheric aerosols (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of stratospheric aerosols on Umkehr estimates of long-term ozone depletion associated with chlorofluoromethanes (CFMs) is considered in a statistical time series trend analysis. Time series models are estimated using monthly averages of Umkehr measurements made over the last 15 to 20 years. The time series regression models incorporate seasonal, trend and noise factors and an additional factor to account for the effects of atmospheric aerosols on the Umkehr measurements. The analysis indicates a statistically significant relation with atmospheric aerosol transmission in the Umkehr layers and implies that the relation is an important factor in any time series trend analysis of Umkehr data. Taking this relation into account, statistically significant negative trends were found in the Upper Umkehr layers. It is pointed out that upper stratospheric ozone could be sensitive to long-term solar variability as well as other possible influences in addition to CFM-induced effects, and therefore the cause or causes of the estimated trend cannot be unambiguously estimated using current Umkehr data.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 4833-484
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  • 4
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    A helium-3 refrigerator employing capillary confinement of liquid cryogen (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A condensation refrigerator suitable for operation in a zero gravity space environment was constructed. The condensed liquid refrigerant is confined by surface tension inside a porous metal matrix. Helium-4 and helium-3 gases were condensed and held in a copper matrix. Evaporative cooling of confined liquid helium-4 resulted in a temperature of 1.4K. Using a zeolite adsorption pump external to the cryostat, a temperature of 0.6 K was achieved through evaporative cooling of liquid helium-3. The amount of time required for complete evaporation of a controlled mass of liquid helium-4 contained in the copper matrix was measured as a function of the applied background power. For heating powers below 18 mW the measured times are consistent with the normal boiling of the confined volume of liquid refrigerant. At background powers above 18 mW the rapid rise in the temperature of the copper matrix the signature of the absence of confined liquid occurs in a time a factor of two shorter than that expected on the basis of an extrapolation of the low power data.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Refrig. for for Cryogenic Sensors; p 405-417
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  • 5
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    An evaluation of stratospheric meteorological analyses using satellite sounder and rocketsonde data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Illinois Univ. Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 2: (NASA-CR-175509); p 1-9
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Long-term energy capture and the effects of optimizing wind turbine operating strategies (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Methods of increasing energy capture without affecting the turbine design were investigated. The emphasis was on optimizing the wind turbine operating strategy. The operating strategy embodies the startup and shutdown algorithm as well as the algorithm for determining when to yaw (rotate) the axis of the turbine more directly into the wind. Using data collected at a number of sites, the time-dependent simulation of a MOD-2 wind turbine using various, site-dependent operating strategies provided evidence that site-specific fine tuning can produce significant increases in long-term energy capture as well as reduce the number of start-stop cycles and yawing maneuvers, which may result in reduced fatigue and subsequent maintenance.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines; p 337-350
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  • 7
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    Microscopy and microstructure of Shuttle thermal protection system materials (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Examples of the contribution of microstructural analysis to the development of the Space Shuttle tile insulation system are presented, with photographic examples of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. After the basic thermal protection system materials had been selected, it was neccessary to analyze the mechanical responses of the combined materials; which included: (1) the polymer strain isolation pad (SIP), (2) the room temperature-vulcanizing silicone rubber bond, (RTV), and (3) rigid ceramic fiber reusable surface insulation (RSI). Microstructural analysis was used to provide information on deformation and fracture mechanisms, load transfer mechanisms, and structural alterations occurring before final failure. Both quantitative and qualitative information was obtained in the open, three-dimensional fibrous structures of the ceramic tiles by means of novel techniques of encapsulation and dissolution.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: American Ceramic Society Bulletin; 60; Nov. 198
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Vomiting Center reanalyzed: An electrical stimulation study (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electrical stimulation of the brainstem of 15 decerebrate cats produced stimulus-bound vomiting in only 4 animals. Vomiting was reproducible in only one cat. Effective stimulating sites were located in the solitary tract and reticular formation. Restricted localization of a vomiting center, stimulation of which evoked readily reproducible results, could not be obtained.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-170272 , NAS 1.26:170272
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  • 9
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    Vestibular-induced vomiting after vestibulocerebellar lesions (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Vestibular stimulation, by sinusoidal electrical polarization of the labyrinths of decerebrate cats which can produce vomiting and related activity which resembles motion sickness was examined. The symptoms include panting, salivation, swallowing, and retching as well as vomiting. These symptoms can be produced in cats with lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis. It is suggested that a transcerebellar pathway from the vestibular apparatus through the nodulus and uvula to the vomiting center is not essential for vestibular induced vomiting and the occurrence of many symptoms of motion.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-170276 , NAS 1.26:170276
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  • 10
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    HCMM hydrological analysis in Utah (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The feasibility of applying a linear model to HCMM data in hopes of obtaining an accurate linear correlation was investigated. The relationship among HCMM sensed data surface temperature and red reflectivity on Utah Lake and water quality factors including algae concentrations, algae type, and nutrient and turbidity concentrations was established and evaluated. Correlation (composite) images of day infrared and reflectance imagery were assessed to determine if remote sensing offers the capability of using masses of accurate and comprehensive data in calculating evaporation. The effects of algae on temperature and evaporation were studied and the possibility of using satellite thermal data to locate areas within Utah Lake where significant thermal sources exist and areas of near surface groundwater was examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10026 , NASA-CR-170492 , NAS 1.26:169499 , NAS 1.26:170492 , NASA-CR-169499
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