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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 5 (1987), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The experimental introduction of novel gene sequences into various fish species is discussed and the longer term outlook for such work appraised. Current methods are critically discussed, together with the various possible fates of the inserted novel sequences. Some positive results from our two ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 4 (1988), S. 265-276 
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors inducing outbreaks of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) following use of pyrethroid insecticides are reviewed. Differentials in direct toxicity between spider mites and phytoseiid (Acari: Phytoseiidae) predators provide one explanation. Wide variation exists between pyrethroids in their direct toxicity toTetranychus urticae. The acaricidal action of pyrethroids is largely controlled by the amount of irritancy or repellency induced by the respective chemicals. Laboratory assays for repellency reflect field results. Repellent activity induces spider-mite dispersal to either recolonise plants free of residues or leave the treated habitat. Pyrethroids may also affect reproduction and development rates. Residual activity is likely to vary, so limiting any general theory of spider-mite responses to pyrethroids. Variable responses to pyrethroids, strain variation and development of behavioural resistance also add complications to understanding outbreaks. Future research needs are identified.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 173-183 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Twospotted spider mite ; Tetranychus urticae ; predation ; strawberries ; serology ; Tétranyque à 2 points ; Tetranychus urticae ; prédation ; fraisiers ; sérologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a évalué la prédation par les arthropodes prédateurs qui se trouvent naturellement dans les fraisiers, pour expliquer les variations numériques des tétranyques observées dans les cultures entre la première et la deuxième année. Seuls les araignées araneomorphes, le faucheur européen, le neuroptèreMicromus tasmaniae etNabis kinbergii se trouvaient en grand nombre. Cependant les deux premiers étaient plus nombreux que les autres. Les études de laboratoire ont indiqué que les araignées tissent leurs toiles horizontalement dans les plantes, et qu'elles piègent surtout les petits insectes volants qui s'abritent dans le feuillage. Un test de préférence alimentaire a confirmé que le tétranyque est une nourriture acceptable pour les araignées et les faucheurs. Les études immunologiques pour rechercher les protéines des proies: tétranyques, pucerons, Collembola et larves de tordeuses, dans le ventre des prédateurs piégés sur le terrain ont montré que les faucheurs ne consomment pas assez deT. urticae pour réduire d'une façon significative les populations de tétranyques. Le tétranyque représente seulement 2% de la nourriture deM. tasmaniae et 1 % de celle deNabis kinbergii. Les araignées ne prennent pas les tétranyques à moins qu'ils ne tombent dans la toile. Ces études ont montré aussi que les faucheurs européens sont des prédateurs polyphages et opportunistes. Quand la proie est abondante on retrouve plus de débris de celle-ci dans leur tube digestif ce qui suggère une alimentation saisonnière de la part du prédateur.
    Notes: Abstract Predation by naturally occurring predatory arthropods was investigated to explain variations in population numbers of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) between first and second season strawberry crops. Araneomorph spiders. European harvestman [Phalangium opilio (L.)], Tasmanian lacewing [Micromus tasmaniae (Walker)] and Pacific damsel bug [Nabis kinbergii Reuter] were the only predators found in high numbers. However, spiders and harvestment were more prevalent than lacewings and nabids. Laboratory feedings trials indicated spiders build horizontal webs in the plants and prey predominantly on small flying insects that shelter in the crops. Similar feeding trials cofirmed the palatability of TSSM to spiders and harvestmen. Immunological testing for proteins of TSSM, aphids, Collembola and leafrollers in the intestines of field collected European harvestman, spiders, Tasmanian lacewing and Pacific damsel bug confirmed European harvestman includes TSSM in its diet, but not in large enough quantities to exert a significant regulating pressure on TSSM populations. Lacewings and nabids include TSSM in their diets but only in very small quantities (2% and 1% respectively). Spiders do not take TSSM unless they drop or spin down onto the spider webbing. The immunological testing also showed European harvestman to be a polyphagous and opportunistic feeder. Prey residues were detected more frequently in harvestmen intestines at times of prey abundance which indicated a seasonality to harvestmen diet.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1987-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0733-222X
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer Nature
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