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  • COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR  (4)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (7)
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  • 1
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    Goldstone solar system radar (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Information is provided about physical nature planetary surfaces and their topography as well as dynamical properties such as orbits and spin states using ground based radar as a remote sensing tool. Accessible targets are the terrestrial planets: the Earth's Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars, the outer planets rings and major moons, and many transient objects such as asteroids and comets. Data acquisition utilizes the unique facilities of the Goldstone Deep Space Network, occasionally the Arecibo radar, and proposed use of the VLA (very large array).
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 5-7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Relative planetary radar sensitivities: Arecibo and Goldstone (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The increase of the Deep Space Network antennas from 64 meter to 70 meter diameter represents the first of several improvements that will be made over the next decade to enhance earth based radar sensitivity to solar system targets. The aperture increase at the Goldstone DSS-14 site, coupled with a proposed increase in transmitter power to 1000 kW, will improve the 3.5 cm radar by about one order of magnitude. Similarly, proposed Arecibo Observatory upgrades of a Gregorian feed structure and an increase of transmitter power to 1000 kW will increase the sensitivity of this radar about 20 fold. In addition, a Goldstone to Very Large Array bistatic observation with horizon to horizon tracking will have 3.5 times more sensitivity than will a Goldstone horizon to horizon monostatic observation. All of these improvements, which should be in place within the next decade, will enrich an already fertile field of planetary exploration.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report; p 287-293
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Mars: Seasonally variable radar reflectivity (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Since reflectivity is a quantity characteristic of a given target at a particular geometry, the same (temporally unchanging) target examined by radar on different occasions should have the same reflectivity. Zisk and Mouginis-Mark noted that the average reflectivities in the Goldstone Mars data increased as the planet's S hemisphere passed from the late spring into early summer. The same data set was re-examined and the presence of the phenomenon of the apparent seasonal variability of radar reflectivity was confirmed. Two objections to these findings are addressed: (1) reflectivity variations may be present in the Goldstone Mars data as a result of an instrument/calibration error; and (2) the variations were introduced into the analysis through comparing reflectivities from two incompatible subsets of the data.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 248-250
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Goldstone radar observations of Mars: The 1986 opposition (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Radar echoes from the planet Mars were obtained on 27 S-band (wavelength = 12.5 cm) and 2 X-band (wavelength = 3.5 cm) tracks using the Goldstone Solar System Radar. These observations took advantage of the favorable 1986 opposition since the Earth-Mars distance was 0.40 AU at opposition and radar echo strength is proportional to inverse-fourth-power of the distance to the target. The coverages of the Goldstone observations are summarized. The observations were conducted via the CW-spectra techniques described by Harmon et al. A continuous tone was transmitted at Mars and the radar echo was sampled to obtain a Doppler spread spectrum. Each received event was separated into polarized (opposite sense circular) and depolarized (same sense circular) periods. There was one successful ranging run which had a resolution of 2 microseconds. This should yield surface heights accurate to 300 meters.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 243-244
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Landform identification: Lunar radar images (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Three sets of polarized radar-echo images of the Moon were examined to establish the relation between radar resolution and landform-identification resolution. After comparison with lunar maps and photographs, real and apparent landforms on the radar images were grouped into one of seven classes. Results show strong relations between radar resolution and diameter or relief of landforms that are clearly identified and those that would probably be correctly identified (class 1 and class 2). Landforms are not detected (class 5) at all diameters and reliefs, but the percentage of undetected landforms decreases with increasing mean diameter and mean relief. Landforms are simply detected (class 4) at most mean diameters and reliefs. Ambiguous arrays (class 6) portrayed by the radar constitute up to about 16, 22, and 15% of the landforms at various diameters and relief values for the 3.8 cm, 70 cm high resolution, and 70 cm low resolution images, respectively. Only a few percent of the landforms portrayed by the radar images at various diameters and relief values are fictitious (class 7).
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 240-242
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    High resolution radar map of the Moon (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Previous radar mappings of the Moon at 70 cm wavelength in the late 1960's by Thompson have been replaced with a new set of observations using the 430 MHz radar at the Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico. Radar resolution was reduced to 2 to 5 km radar cell size and a beam-sweep, limb-to-limb calibration was conducted. Advances in computer technology provided the principle means of improving lunar radar mapping at this wavelength. Observation techniques and data processing are described and scattering differences found in the orthographic projection of the radar data are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 238-239
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    NASA/JPL aircraft SAR operations for 1984 and 1985 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The NASA/JPL aircraft synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was used to conduct major data acquisition expeditions in 1983 through 1985. Substantial improvements to the aircraft SAR were incorporated in 1981 through 1984 resulting in an imaging radar that could simultaneously record all four combinations of linear horizontal and vertical polarization (HH, HV, VH, VV) using computer control of the radar logic, gain setting, and other functions. Data were recorded on high-density digital tapes and processed on a general-purpose computer to produce 10-km square images with 10-m resolution. These digital images yield both the amplitude and phase of the four polarizations. All of the digital images produced so far are archived at the JPL Radar Data Center and are accessible via the Reference Notebook System of that facility. Sites observed in 1984 and 1985 included geological targets in the western United States, as well as agricultural and forestry sites in the Midwest and along the eastern coast. This aircraft radar was destroyed in the CV-990 fire at March Air Force Base on 17 July 1985. It is being rebuilt for flights in l987 and will likely be operated in a mode similar to that described here. The data from 1984 and 1985 as well as those from future expeditions in 1987 and beyond will provide users with a valuable data base for the multifrequency, multipolarization Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR-C) scheduled for orbital operations in the early 1990's.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-180237 , JPL-PUB-86-20 , NAS 1.26:180237
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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