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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanometer-scale hole formation on graphite using a scanning tunneling microscope (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1727-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a reproducible technique for forming holes on a graphite surface with a scanning tunneling microscope. The holes have an average diameter of 40 A(ring) (20 A(ring) minimum) with an average resolvable spacing of 60 A(ring). Holes are produced by applying a short voltage pulse (3–8 V, 10–100 μs) across the tunneling gap which removes one or more layers of graphite in a small region directly below the tip. Arrays of hundreds of holes have been formed with yields as high as 99.6%. The writing process has a higher success rate in air or in the presence of water vapor. This suggests that the physical mechanism is a chemical process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102201
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging and modification of polymers by scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1178-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct imaging of ultrathin organic films on solid surfaces is important for a variety of reasons; in particular, the use of such films as ultrathin resists for nanometer scale fabrication and information recording requires that we understand their microstrucure. We have used the Langmuir–Blodgett technique to prepare monolayer and submonolayer films of poly(octadecylacrylate) (PODA) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) on graphite substrates. Atomic scale images obtained with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope of the PODA films showed a variety of structures, including isolated narrow fibrils, parallel groups of fibrils, and an ordered structure consistent with the side chain crystallization expected with that material. The fibrils observed are interpreted as individual polymer chains or small bundles of parallel chains. Images of the PMMA samples show no ordered regions. By applying voltage pulses on the STM tip, we were able to locally modify and apparently cut through the PODA fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341881
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of gold surfaces for use as substrates in scanning tunneling microscopy studies (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to characterize the surface of epitaxial gold on mica in air. We find that these surfaces are simple to prepare, are relatively inert to exposure to air or to water, and have atomically flat terraces extending for up to several hundred angstroms. The observed topography is consistent with the Au(111) surface. It is possible to produce bumps on the surface of less than 100 A(ring) in size in a controlled manner by pulsing the tip voltage while scanning. Self-diffusion of gold is observed in the decay of written features and well as in the movement of existing terrace edges. In some cases, a periodicity in both the geometry of terrace edges and the spatial variation of surface diffusion rates suggest the presence of the 22×1 surface reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343379
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3109-3112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a multipurpose scanning tunneling microscope designed to operate in ultrahigh vacuum as well as in air, over a range extending from room temperature to liquid-nitrogen temperatures. It is a single-tube scanner design with a differential flexing approach mechanism mounted on a vibration isolation stack. The instrument features a novel in situ tip and sample exchange mechanism for extended operation under vacuum. A unique characteristic is that the vacuum chamber and all components with the exception of the gas-cooled sample holder are at room temperature. We present preliminary data taken with this instrument, demonstrating atomic resolution constant current, constant height, and multiple-bias imaging, gap-modulated current-voltage spectroscopy or simultaneous topography, and work function measurements, as well as lithography on the surfaces of graphite, Au(111) on mica, and GaAs(110).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140586
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical anions of vitamin A aldehyde and related Schiff bases (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 75 (1971), S. 2861-2866 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100687a025
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., estimated from the size and abundance of egg strands (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Egg strands of perch in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, during the spawning seasons of 1984, 1985 and 1986 were laid by the strong 1982 cohort. The abundance of these strands decreased from 1984 to 1986, whereas their modal size increased. These trends were used to estimate the decreasing abundance of the 1982 cohort and its increasing age. According to these data, total mortality within the 1982 cohort was 99% between the egg stage and 2 years, 78% between 2 and 3 years, 82% between 3 and 4 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05274.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action dependence of the strong coupling spectrum in lattice gauge theory (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (1985), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive analytic expressions for the meson and baryon propagators in strong coupling 1/N g 2→0 for various modifications of the fermionic action. These interaction terms involve non-nearest neighbour couplings of two types; the spectrum does not improve by including them. The best results are obtained forr≈1/4 of the Wilson-form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug metabolism in spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 840-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both sexes of spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs exhibit hyperinsulinemia (〉4-fold normal). This diabetic state is associated with the inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism in males but not females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951983
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Universality of the continuum limit of lattice quantum theories (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1984), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The lattice approximation of the naïve continuum action in quantum mechanics or in field theory is not uniquely determined. We investigate to what extent corrections to the lattice action, which vanish in the naïve continuum limit, affect the continuum limit when taking quantum fluctuations into account. In the quantum mechanical case, modifications of the lattice action may induce non-trivial corrections to the potential of the system and thereby change the structure of the theory completely. We verify this statement analytically as well as numerically by performing a Monte Carlo simulation. In the field theoretical case we argue that the lattice corrections considered do not affect the physics of the continuum limit, at least not for asymptotically free gauge field theories. In four dimensions, one might encounter finite renormalization of CP violating terms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01572552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the pion form factor in the space-like and time-like region (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (1981), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss an analytic parametrization of the pion form factor which is only weakly model dependent. Its model dependence comes from a preference of those analytic functions that are smooth in a certain well-defined sense. Different solutions for different values ofχ 2 corresponding to different degrees of smoothness can be constructed. All available space-like and time-like data are taken into account simultaneously. Our approach allows conclusions on an incompatibility of space-like with time-like data sets and on the significance of the occurrence of higher coupled resonances. We discuss the asymptotic behaviour which is consistent with QCD and give the relevant low energy and resonance parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555760
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