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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1
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    Life sciences and space research XXV (3): Natural and artificial ecosystems. Proceedings of the Topical Meeting of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F (Meeting F4) of the COSPAR Twenty-ninth Plenary Meeting held in Washington, DC, U.S.A. 28 August-5 September, 1992 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Volume 14; 11; 1-466
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  • 2
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    New estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from biomass burning (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The recent discovery of an artifact producing increased levels of N2O in combustion gas samples collected and stored in grab bottles before chemical analysis has resulted in the downgrading of fossil-fuel combustion and the questioning of biomass burning as important sources of N2O. As almost all reported analyses of N2O produced from biomass burning have involved essentially the same collection and analysis protocols as used in the fossil-fuel studies, this source of N2O must also be reexamined. Here, measurements of N2O made over a large prescribed fire using a near real-time in situ measurement technique are reported and compared with measurements of N2O from simultaneously collected grab-bottle samples. The results from 27 small laboratory biomass test fires are also used to help clarify the validity of earlier assessments. It is concluded that biomass burning contributes about seven percent of atmospheric N2O, as opposed to earlier estimates of several times this value.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 349; 689-691
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  • 3
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    Infrared measurements of HF and HCl total column abundances above Kitt Peak, 1977-1990 - Seasonal cycles, long-term increases, and comparisons with model calculations (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper deals with hydrogen-chloride and hydrogen-fluoride total column measurements, their estimated long-term rates of increase, seasonal cycles, and variability, deduced from the analysis of a set of high-resolution infrared solar spectra recorded at Kitt Peak. The Kitt Peak observations and methods of analysis are described, the results are presented and compared with previously reported measurements and trends. The data is analyzed by using a multilayer nonlinear least-squares spectral fitting procedure and a consistent set of spectroscopic line parameters. Model-calculated hydrogen-chloride and hydrogen-fluoride total columns obtained with a two-dimensional model are discussed, and the model results are compared with the measured hydrogen-chloride and hydrogen-fluoride total columns, seasonal cycles, and trends. It is pointed out that the observed trends of both molecules are in satisfactory agreement with the model results calculated from emission histories and photooxidation rates for the source molecules.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 15
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  • 4
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    Biospheric-atmospheric coupling on the early Earth (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Theoretical calculations performed with a one-dimensional photochemical model have been performed to assess the biospheric-atmospheric transfer of gases. Ozone reached levels to shield the Earth from biologically lethal solar ultraviolet radiation (220-300 nm) when atmospheric oxygen reached about 1/10 of its present atmospheric level. In the present atmosphere, about 90 percent of atmospheric nitrous oxide is destroyed via solar photolysis in the stratosphere with about 10 percent destroyed via reaction with excited oxygen atoms. The reaction between nitrous oxide and excited oxygen atoms leads to the production of nitric oxide in the stratosphere, which is responsible for about 70 percent of the global destruction of oxygen in the stratosphere. In the oxygen/ozone deficient atmosphere, solar photolysis destroyed about 100 percent of the atmospheric nitrous oxide, relegating the production of nitric oxide via reaction with excited oxygen to zero. Our laboratory and field measurements indicate that atmospheric oxygen promotes the biogenic production of N2O and NO via denitrification and the biogenic production of methane by methanogenesis.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Fourth Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life; p 57
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  • 5
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    The extent of burning in African savanna (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: The temporal and spatial distribution of African savanna grassland fires has been examined, and the areal extent of these fires has been estimated for the subequatorial African continent. African savanna fires have been investigated using remote sensing techniques and imagery collected by low-light sensors on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites and by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) which is aboard polar orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. DMSP imagery has been used to map the evolution of savanna burning over all of the African continent and the analysis of AVHRR imagery has been used to estimate the areal extent of the burning in the southern hemispheric African savannas. The work presented primarily reflects the analysiscompleted for the year 1987. However, comparisons have been made with other years and the representativeness of the 1987 analysis is discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (3): Natural and artificial ecosystems; Meeting F4 of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992 . A95-93759 (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 11; p. (11)447-(11)454
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  • 6
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    Life Sciences and Space Research 25 (3): Natural and Artifical Ecosystems; Meeting F4 of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Bioregenerative life support systems will be an essential part of long duration manned space flight. Studies have been made of various components of these closed ecological systems. these studies have included those spaceborne experiments on Spacelab and Mir, as well as ground-based simulations. The effects of reduced gravity include alterations in food crop and other plant growth and vigor. Systems have also been designed and tested to provide a balanced regenerative system that recycles airborne and other wastes while providing nutrients and other input for future cycles. Hydroponic cultivation must include control of pathogens. All closed systems require sensing and automatic control.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 11
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